Fire events and vegetation dynamics during the late Pleistocene-Meghalayan interval in the southernmost Brazilian coastal plain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2020.4.02Resumo
The present study analyzes the correspondence between charcoal concentrations and changes in the palynological composition in a core from Águas Claras peatland (30º06’24.39” S; 50º49’04.90” W) in the coastal plain of southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State) from approximately 38,900 yrs BP until 1,500 yrs BP. The dominance of grassland vegetation (mainly Poaceae) in Late Pleistocene sediments persisted into the Holocene during the development of a peatland. Analysis of fragment size distribution and concentration were useful to discriminate local fires from regional wildfires. Late Pleistocene regional fires registered in shallow pond deposits (older than 21,545 cal yrs BP) were distinguished from a local Holocene fire by the presence of higher proportions of small particles in charcoal assemblages. A charcoal peak related to a natural fire signal, composed by high concentration of charcoal with larger diameters, was identified at the topmost level of the peat facies (1,590–1,515 cal yrs BP). Correlated with palynological data, this charcoal peak originated by local fires indicates a change in vegetation during a dry climate interval that occurred around 1,500–1,600 yrs BP.
Keywords: charcoal peak, palynology, climate, Holocene.
RESUMO – O presente estudo analisa a correspondência entre as concentrações de carvão vegetal e as alterações na composição palinológica em um testemunho sedimentar da turfeira de Águas Claras (30º06’24,39” S; 50º49’04,90”O) na planície costeira do extremo sul do Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul) em um intervalo de cerca de 38.900 anos AP a 1.500 anos AP. A dominância de vegetação herbácea (principalmente Poaceae) no intervalo glacial tardio do Neopleistoceno persistiu até o Holoceno, durante o desenvolvimento de uma turfeira. A análise da distribuição e concentração de tamanho dos fragmentos de charcoal foi utilizada para distinguir incêndios florestais locais de incêndios regionais. Incêndios regionais no Neopleistoceno (mais antigos do que 21.545 anos cal AP) foram diferenciados de um incêndio local do Holoceno, dadas as grandes quantidades de pequenos fragmentos de charcoal com diâmetros semelhantes. Um pico de charcoal que corresponde a um sinal incêndio natural, composto por alta concentração de fragmentos com grandes diâmetros indicando incêndio local, foi identificado no nível de topo de fácies originadas em turfeira (1.590–1.515 anos cal AP). Esse pico de charcoal, correlacionado aos dados palinológicos, indicou uma mudança na vegetação relacionada a um intervalo climático de seca que ocorreu por volta de 1.500–1.600 anos AP.
Palavras-chave: pico de carvão vegetal, palinologia, clima, Holoceno.
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