First record of Chaetosalpinx bioclaustrations in the rugose corals from the Late Ordovician of Baltica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2024.4.0475Abstract
Bioclaustrations are extremely rare in the rugose corals from the Ordovician of Estonia. A specimen of Kenophyllum subcylindricum from the Vormsi Regional Stage (Katian) contains multiple shafts of Chaetosalpinx siberiensis?. The latter bioclaustration also occurs in the Pirgu Regional Stage (Katian). The growth lines of the host coral show a reaction to the infesting organism, suggesting that the shafts in the calyx are bioclaustrations and not post-mortem borings (Trypanites). The worm-like Chaetosalpinx tracemaker initially caused damage to the coral’s soft tissues and used the coral’s resources to build its domicile, resulting in a negative impact. The symbiotic worms benefited from having a domicile and protection against predators from the host’s nematocysts. Chaetosalpinx siberiensis?-Kenophyllum subcylindricum association was likely parasitic.
Keywords: symbiosis, rugosans, worms, parasites, Katian, Estonia.
Resumo – Bioclaustrações são extremamente raros nos corais rugosos do Ordoviciano da Estonia. Um espécime de Kenophyllum subcylindricum do estágio regional Vormsi (Katiano) contém eixos múltiplos de Chaetosalpinx siberiensis?. Essa última bioclaustração também ocorre no estágio regional de Pirgu (Katiano). As linhas de crescimento do coral hospedeiro mostram uma reação ao organismo infestante, sugerindo que os eixos no cálice são bioclaustrações e não perfurações post-mortem (Trypanites). Chaetosalpinx, produtor do traço semelhante a um verme, inicialmente causou danos aos tecidos moles do coral e usou os recursos do coral para construir seu domicílio, resultando em um impacto negativo. Os vermes simbióticos se beneficiaram do fato de terem um domicílio e proteção contra predadores dos nematocistos do hospedeiro. A associação Chaetosalpinx siberiensis?-Kenophyllum subcylindricum foi provavelmente parasitária.
Palavras-chave: simbiose, rugosas, vermes, parasitas, Katiano, Estônia.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Olev Vinn, ABDULLAH A. ALKAHTANE, SALEH AL FARRAJ, MAGDY EL HEDENY

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