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Amphiperatherium	0001110000000[0 1]00[0 2]001000000[0 1]00--0-01[1 2]1001110200200110001112100-10000000000000000000000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200[0 2]00000-00220010010-0100000000000011000[1 2]00301[0 1]2101---0-0-00[2 3]0010000002000[0 1]0101000100000??????????????????????????????100000[0 1 2]000000000000000000000000001?0100?0000010000?0????00000010100000000000100?112??11011-11?0???????????????????????111??????????????????????????20???0110??????10?20?01-0001?0?01???1?????????????0?????1???????????????????????00????????????????????0??????1-???????????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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Herpetotherium	000111[0 1]000000[0 1]00[0 2][0 1][0 1]1[0 1]00000[0 1]0[0 1]0[0 1]0-01[1 2]0001010200210110001112100-10000000000000000000000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200000000-00220010010-0100000000000[0 1][0 1]1000100[2 3]01[0 1]2[0 1]000000-0000[2 3]00[0 1]0000002000101010001000000000000000001200-000000010000010000[0 1][0 1 2]0000000[0 1][0 1 2]00000000000000000[0 1]101000000001000000?00?01000110100000000000[0 1]0021111111011-1150100010?0[0 1]0?01[0 1]10000011011110?001000-20011000????010120?001-1001010011020100110[0 1]11101-101111001010000110011010???0??11001??1101?00???1????1-11?100000100001001?01?1-000???00?000?1000??????????????????????1????0????????????????????20??10-11??00?00100100011????1???????????101???????1??0?01?100110?00??100??111101?0010001100110101000?1111000121110?0?100100000??1????????????0???????????
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Evolestes	00011100000100----01000000110--0-01100011102002101100[0 1]1112100-10000010000000130101001000101000000-00-0000??0??0?0??0???1?00000-????3?????000-00221010010-0100100000000112000100401120000000-00012000000000200000101000000000000000000000020?????000??????0?????0????????????????0????????????01000?000??0??0??????????????1?0???0?????10???????????1-1?5??100?2??1??01100??1????1?1???????0??20???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1-??0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Stilotherium	001-1100001-00----01100011000--0-0110-01-1021[0 1]3------2-112100-10000010000001-30100-01000100000000-00-0000000020000000001000000-0000300000000-00111010010-0100100000000232000100401120002000-00012020000100200000[0 1]0101--000100000000000000000-00000000000001[1 2]010100000011[0 2]000100000000000000010100010000100-0??????11101010?00000000000[1 2]01?????????11-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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Acdestes	001-1100001-00----01000011200--0-0110-1-----01-------2-112100-10000000110000020000101001101000110-00-1000100121011000001000000-00000011001---0---2030010-010-2-00000002[1 3]1000100301120103000-1012-1-0000100-0-00010101--000010001000000002100-00000000100001201000010100010001001301000100000101?00100001??-?21?0--21101010?00010000010111?????????11-?????????2???????????????????01?????????????????????010???1?????00?????1100???00?????????????????11????????????????????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Palaeothentes	00111100001-00----01000011200--0-0110-1-----0[0 1]2------2-112100-10000000110000020000001000100000110-00-[0 1]000[0 1]0012001[0 1]000001000000-00000011001---0---203[0 1]010-010-2-00000002[1 3]1000100201120101000-1012-[0 1]-0000100-0000010101--000010001000000001000-000000[0 1]010000120000001000000000100000000[0 1]10000010100-10000100-021?2??21101010100010000010111??1?1?1??11-1150?10002??11?01110101?00?1?110?001?01020001?11????01???0???????01010?1200010??1001???01??????0?10?????11?????1????0??????????????0????0??????????0?0??10???????????1-??0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????010111[1 2]10?0?111001????11?1???????????1010??????1??0?11?10?????????1????0100???0011001100110100??1??0?111?131121100100101200???????????????????????????
Notoryctes	000-1100000-00----00----0--00--0-0100001010201---11002-00-----------------------01-00010000100000-00-000000002000000000000001-------1-0-0000-00111010010-010000000000------------?---------------1----00---?-1------------00111-----00000000-0000000000000101----1--------00000000000010000--0100000000100102001--10002000100000000[0 1]10100?????21?011-0?00110000??0000?110111?11???210?000?00-0001??????0?010??0???1-1001010?12??11?1-11?????1-????????10?????11?????1????0???1?????1100?00????0??????[0 1]??0101??0???????????1-??0??????????????00[0 1]?011???1???0[0 1]20???01?1010?0?????111000?3000?022??00-111011?1?110100?1??0100?110????01?0-00??????1010?11?10111??100-112??00--???0110101100110110??0????011?100--111-12110021?1301001?11?1?110?00?000?2??
Perameles	00011100000000----01100000100--0-0120001110200200110001112100-10000000000000030001000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200000000-00220010010-0100000000000112000100101121000000-000030000000002000101010001000000000000000000000-0000000000000100000200000000100000000000[0 1]000002101000000001000001010010000011100000000000100?11?121?011-1?10110001??101011[0 1]0111000?1111??001?0112001??????010101200?11-1001010012000101-1000?2?1-00112?1?1010000111?0101??1?0??11???101101?00????1?????111[0 1]1110?10???????????1-??0??????????????000?00110?1???0000101[0 1 2]1?1120?1?????111101?3110?020??110111110?0?121100?0??1101?1101011100??10??????1000?10?0-101??100-000??10--???2011021100101111??1??0?????120--11000111002101100011210?00100?01?000?2??
Echymipera	00011100000000----01100000100--0-0120001110200200110001112100-10000000000000030001000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200000000-00220010010-0100000000000112000100101121000000-000030000000002000101010001000000000000000000000-00000000000001000001000000001000000000001000002101000000001000011010110000011100000000000100?1???21?01??1?10110000??10101100111010?1111??001?00-2001??????01010?200?01-1?01010011000101-0000?2?1-01112?1?1010000110?1101??1?0??11???101101?00????1?????111[0 1]1100?10???????????1-??0??????????????000?10110?110?0000111[0 1 2]111120?1?????111101?3110?020??110111210?1?121100?0??1101?11010101000-10??????1000?10?0-101??100-000??10--???2010021100100111??1??0?011?120--110111110021001000112[0 1]0?00110?01?000?2??
Dasyuroides	00011100000000----01100000100--0-0120001110200212110001112100-10000000000000000001000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200000000-00220010010-0100001000000101000100401021000000-000030000000002000101010001000000000000000000000-000000000000010000[0 1]0000000000000000000000000000101000000001000010000010000010100000000000100??1?121?011-0?00100000??11001110111010?1?11??000?110[0 1 2]011??????0?010?20??11-1?01010012021101-1101?2?1-??111???101?0?0111????1????0???1?????1101?00????1??????1?10000?10???????????01??0??????????????[0 1][0 1]0?001???110?000011101[0 1]10?0?1?????0-1001?2000?022??011011000?0?121000?0??1101?1101101110??10??????10?0?01?0-011??0010000??1110???2111101100110110??1????????100--11001200--2111001000110?01100?00?102?0??
Dasyurus	000111[0 1]0000000----01100000100--0-0121001110200312110001112100-10000000000000000001000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-0000200000000-00220010000-010000100000010100010040102[0 1]000000-000030000000002000201010001000000000000000000000-0000000000000101-?00000000000000000000000000000-0100000000100001001001000001010000000000010001111211011-000110[0 1]0001011001[0 1]001[0 1]10100111101000211120[0 1]1111110010101201011-000101001201110011101-111-11[0 1]111001011000111011012111000110121111011001001101-1-111100000101010001200[0 1]010001110[0 1][0 1]1100100011[0 1]0101??0110001001?1[0 1]1[0 1]1[0 1]2011001100-1001120000???10[0 1]111010010[0 1]11[1 2]110010101101011011011101010?10011101000100-011[0 1]000111000101111112111101100010110000010001101010111011200-0211000100011010110000001020000
Dromiciops	0000111-----00----00-------00--0-0310101010200100110000113100-10000000000000000000000000000000000-00-0000000020000000000000000-000031-000000-00220010010-0100000000000112000100401120000000-000011-000010020001010-0010000000000000000000000-0000001100000100000100001000100000000000000100110100000000100000101010000000010101000000010021121211011-000010000000000011001100100111101000200-2001101[0 1]10010[0 1]01201111-1001210012021101-1101-211-?11121001011000110000012111000110121111101100-01021-1-1111010001010000-121011-1001001011-100000[0 1]0000010-11??00000111[1 2]1?1010[0 1]0010110-10011100011220010-[0 1]1100000010100001001101011011011101110?00010101000100-0110?00??1000101111112110001100110000001120011101010210001200--20010210101100?101110000001001
Microleo	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-011-010200000110000113100-10000000000000000000001000101??0111100-00?0????????????????????????????????020-0-111010010-01011000000002110001004011-0000000-0012-1-0000?????????????????????0101100001100010-1100100100000?????-??????????01?00?2??????????????????????????????????????????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Enigmaleo	00??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01??0210-2101100100000??????????????????????2??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Lekaneleo	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-011-010200000000000113100-10000000000000100000001001100000111100-0010001---1--01001-101000-000031-1001---0---1020010-010-1-?0000002310101004011-0000000-1012-1-00001??????????????????000101100001101010-21111001000001201?-001?1??-0101100021000010000-10100?----1-0---2???--210110???0?020001?00?????????????1-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Wakaleo	000-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-011-010200000000000113000-10000000000000100000001001100000111100-0010001---1--01001-101000-000021-1001---0---1010010-010-1-00000011310001004011-0000000-0012-1-000[0 1]-------------------00[0 1]1[0 1]1100001101[0 2]10-2211100100000121----01?1??-0111100021000010000--0100?----1-0---2102--210110???02020001000100??121?1?201-00?1?1-000??10001110?10?00?1?010?0[0 1]??2??2??1???????????????????????????1????????????????????????????????????????????1???1??????[0 2]??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Thylacoleo	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-????????0??????????00-----?0-00000----------?----?---1-----11100-0000001---1--01001-101-00-000021-1001---0---1-----0-----------00--------?-------------?--12-1----1--------------------00101100001112200-21210000000001201?-001?1??-0021100021000010000--01000----1-0---2?02--3101----?020-0001000?00??111211201-00????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Cercartetus	000-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-0-1-----00000000000112100-10000011100000020000000001100000100-00-0010001---00000000-000000-0000[2 3]1-1001---0---0020010-010-1-00000002110002004011-101---0-0-12-1-000[0 1]10020000000101--0000000010000000000[0 1]0-000000[0 1]0100001100000010100000000000001000[0 1]0000010100010000100-02102--3101---0100020000010110??1?121?001-001011-010??1?001000?10010?1?010?00??[0 2]102001??????0?012?10??11-1001010?11020101-1011?2?1-001?2???111?1?0111????1????0???1?????1010??1????2????????10000?10???????????1-??0??????????????000?00110?110?01000?11111010?0?????101001?1000?022??110?11000?0?11??0??0??110??10?0-011100-10??????10?0?01?0-011??000-100??0111???2110001100110000??1??0?????10112101-12010021?1021000110?11111?01?000?0??
Petaurus	00011100000000----01000000000--0-03-010101021010011001-112100-10000011100000020001000001100000100-00-0000001---000000001000000-000031-1001---0---00[1 2]0010-010-1-00000002110001004011-101---0-0-12-1-000010020000000101--000000000000000001010-0000000010000110000001010000000000030000010000010100010000100-02100--21011000100020000010100??1?121?101-002011-000??1?00[0 1]000110000?1?010?000?[0 2]0-0001??????0?010?10??01-1001010011010111-1011?2?1-00111???111?1?1111????1????1???1?????1010?11????2??????0??0100?11???????????1-??0??????????????110?10110?110?01000111111010?0?????111001?1000?112??[0 1]0-01[0 1]000?0?111100?0??1101?1010-001101010??????1000?01?0-011??0010100??0111???2110101100110000??1??0?111?10101101-1200--2101021000110?01011?01?000?0??
Phascolarctos	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-000101020010011011-112100-1001001111[0 1]000020001000000000010010-00-0000001---000000001010000-001011-0001---0---30100111010-1-001000021100011--011-001---[0 1]00-12-1-000000020000000101--000001-1-----0000101110000000110100101----1--------00000020000010000--01000-0001-0--02102--31-1---0101102000[0 1]10100??1?120?011-002011-000??1?00101001[0 1]100?1?110?011?0101001??????0?110?20??11-100101000-000100010-1?1?0100112???101?1?0111????1????1???1?????1010?00????0??????1??0010?10???????????01??0??????????????100?2000-?10-?01000002111010?0?????100001?1000?112??10-010-00?0?110000?0??1101?0-00-001110-10??????1010?11?0-011??0010012??0111???0110011100110111??0??0?111?100--1000120???20?1001110110?01?11?01?000?0??
Mukupirna	001-1100000000----01000000000--0-03-011-01020010011002-1121011110000111000000200000010000??010000-0???01????????????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?????????????????????1-1-----00001010-0000000010110?????????????-??0???0??????????????01000??????0???2??0--????????????????????????????????????????????0??????????????????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Vombatus	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-0-1-----0010011002-112100-110000111000000200010000000000?0100-10-0110001---000000001000000-0000-1-000000-00220010010-010010000000021100011--011-001---0-0-12-1-000000020000000101--000001-1-----00000010--000000010012101----1--------00000030000010000--1--------1-----41----3101---0101102000010110??1?121?011-00?011-0-0??1?00000000[0 1]100?1?110?001?2101001??????0?011?22??01-100101000-?-01100-0-1?2?1-0[0 1]?13???[0 1]01?1?1110????1????2???1?????1210?00????2??????1?10010?20???????????01??0??????????????[0 1]00?1000-?10-?01000112111010?0?????100001?2000?122??[0 1]11011001?1?111000?0??1101?[0 1]000-011101110??????1010?11?0-010??0010110??0111???1110011100110111??0??0?100?100--1000120???20?1001010110?01011?01?000?0??
Macropus	001-111-----00----00-------00--0-03-0-1-----0010011002-112100-100000111000000200010000000000?0000-?0-0110001---000000001000000-0000-1-0001---0---0000010-010-1-000000021100011--011-001---0-0-12-1-000000020000000101--000001-1-----0000101100000000110000101----1--------00000020000010000--1--------1-----2100--3101---0100100000010110??1?121?011-0?1011-0-???1?001010010100?1?010?011?[0 2]11[0 1 2]000??????0?111?20??11-100101001200110001011?2?1-[0 1]0[0 1]02???111?1?1111????1????1???1?????1010?00????2??????0?00000?10???????????1-??0??????????????100?2000-?010?00001102111010?1?????0-10???3000?212??010011001?1?111000?1??1101?0-00-001111111??????1011?11?0-110??000-102??1111???0001111101111110??1??0?????211021101121102211120011000-?01[0 1]2-?-1?01-?2??
;

cnames
{0 Presence_of_teeth_(Muizon_et_al.,_2015_-_ch._1) present absent;
{1 Teeth_types_(Muizon_et_al.,_2015_-_ch._2) differentiated_into_morphological_types_(incisors,_canines,_premolars,_molars)_with_enamel simple_peg-like_teeth;
{2 StA_presence present absent;
{3 StA_relative_size_to_StB_(Williamson_et_al.,_2012_-_ch._21) subequal_to_larger_than_StB smaller_than_StB;
{4 Preparastyle_presence present absent;
{5 StB1_presence present absent;
{6 'StB development (Davis, 2007 - ch. 2; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 228)' present reduced_to_absent;
{7 StB_position_on_M3 StB_labial_or_distal_to_paracone's_apex mesial_to_paracone's_apex;
{8 StB_disto-lingual_supernumerary_crest_(sensu_Goin,_2006_-_acc1_and_acc2)_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017) absent present;
{9 StB_concave_distal_border_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017a) absent present;
{10 'StB and paracone fusion (Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 36; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 68)' not_fused fused;
{11 'StB x paracone size (Abello 2013 - ch. 61; Chornogubsky and Goin 2015 - ch. 34; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 68)' paracone_larger_or_subequal_to_StB StB_larger_(=more_voluminous);
{12 Twinned_supernumerary_stylar_cusp_to_StB absent present;
{13 Stylar_cusp_C_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015_-_ch._42) vestigial_to_absent developed;
{14 StC_lingual_accessory_crest absent present,_contacts_the_paracone_or_postparacrista present,_contacts_the_metacone_or_premetacrista;
{15 Lingual_shifting_of_StC_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015) not_lingually_placed_to_StB_and_StD lingually_placed_to_StB_and_StD;
{16 Position_of_StC centrally_placed_(=lingual_to_the_deepest_part_of_ectoflexus) closely_spaced_to_StB_(=mesial_to_the_deepest_part_of_ectoflexus) closely_spaced_to_StD_(=distal_to_the_deepest_part_of_ectoflexus);
{17 M1_StC_x_StB_size StB_is_larger_than_StC StC_is_subequal_to_larger_than_StB;
{18 Accessory_cusps_to_StC_('twinned_StC')_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._42) absent_(=single_StC) present,_with_a_single_supernumerary_cusp present,_with_two_or_three_supernumerary_cusps;
{19 StD_development_(Davis,_2007_-_ch._11) reduced_(=enamel_spur)_to_absent present_and_developed;
{20 M1-2_StD_x_StB_size_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._67) StB_larger_or_similar_in_size_to_StD StD_is_larger_than_StB;
{21 M1_StD_with_bifurcated_medium_crest_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017a) absent present;
{22 StD_with_mesio-lingual_crest absent present;
{23 StD_concave_medial_border_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017a) absent present;
{24 StD_and_metacone_fusion_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._46) not_fused fused_(=lingual_border_of_StD_and_laial_border_of_the_metacone_merged);
{25 StD_x_metacone_size_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015_-_ch._34) metacone_larger StD_subequal_to_larger_than_the_metacone;
{26 StD_relative_position_to_metacone_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._72) paired_(=aligned) StD_more_mesially_placed_(=StD_mesially_shifted) metacone_more_mesially_placed;
{27 StE_presence_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._231) absent_or_weak_developed present,_developed_as_a_stylar_cusp;
{28 Supernumerary_cusps_on_the_stylar_shelf absent present;
{29 M1_labial_supernumerary_cusps_position_in_comparison_with_stylar_cusps_row_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._40) at_the_same_level_than_the_stylar_row_and_partial_o_completely_fused_with_it more_labial_than_the_stylar_cusps_row;
{30 Supernumerary_cusps_on_the_stylar_shelf_in_a_row in_a_row Isolated_(=not_in_a_row);
{31 'Cuspules on the center of the stylar shelf (Oliveira and Goin, 2011 - ch. 14; Cohen, 2017)' absent present;
{32 'Number of cuspules on the center of the stylar shelf (Oliveira and Goin, 2011 - ch. 14; Cohen, 2017)' single/one multiple;
{33 'Epiconular plataform and epiconule (Goin et al. 2010: 86; Zimicz, 2011)' absent present;
{34 'Stylar shelf development (based on distal lobe width) (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 38; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 36; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 225)' about_or_more_than_50%_total_width less_than_50%_total_width_and_broader_than_33%_total_width less_than_33%_of_total_width vestigial_to_absent_(=narrow_rim);
{35 'Stylar shelf mesial lobe relative width to the distal lobe (on M3) (Davis, 2007 - ch. 15; Engelman et a 2020 - ch. 224)' mesial_lobe_broader both_even_in_width_or_one_just_slightly_broader distal_lobe_broader;
{36 M1_extreme_posterolabial_extension_of_metastylar_angle_(Muizon_and_Ladevèze_2022_-_ch._36) absent present;
{37 Preparacrista_orientation_(based_on_M3_when_possible)_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._217) nearly_perpendicular_to_long_axis_of_tooth oriented_anterobucally_to_long_axis_of_tooth;
{38 Postmetacrista_presence present absent;
{39 Postmetacrista_carnassial_notch_(Suarez_et_al._2023_-_ch._224) present absent;
{40 Postmetacrista_relative_length_to_preparacrista_on_M2-3_(Muizon_and_Ladevèze_2022_-_ch._28) subequal_to_or_shorter_than_preparacrista longer_than_preparacrista;
{41 Postmetacrista_orientation_(based_on_M3)_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._220) nearly_perpendicular_to_tooth_row oblique_to_tooth_row;
{42 Postmetacrista_disto-labial_angle_alignment_with_metacone_apex more_labial_than_the_metacone_apex transversally_aligned_with_the_metacone_apex;
{43 Postmetacrista_presence_of_cusps_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017a) with_a_single_and_large_cusp with_two_or_three_cusps no_evidently_developed_cusp;
{44 Labial_cingulum_(=ectocingulum) absent present;
{45 Paracone_on_M1-2_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._65) present absent;
{46 'Paracone x metacone size on M3 (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 46; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 202)' paracone_larger_than_metacone subequal_or_one_slightly_smaller_in_volume_and_height_(ca._10%) metacone_distinctly_larger_in_volume_and_height_(ca._30%_to_50%_smaller) metacone_much_larger_than_the_paracone_(ca._50%_or_less);
{47 'Position of the metacone relative to paracone on M2-3 (Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 34; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 203)' approximately_at_same_level_(=aligned) paracone_labial_to_the_metacone_(=metacone_lingual) metacone_more_labial_than_the_paracone;
{48 'Metacone and paracone bases contact (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 48; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 205)' well-separated closely_spaced,_but_not_in_contact adjoined_at_base_on,_at_least,_more_than_half_of_their_height;
{49 'Morphology of the labial borders of paracone (=shape of paracone) (Davis, 2007 - ch. 26; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 47)' rounded/conical flat;
{50 'Morphology of the labial borders of metacone (=shape of metacone) (Davis, 2007 - ch. 26; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 47)' rounded/conical flat;
{51 Paracone_twisted_in_the_mesio-labial/disto-lingual_axis_on_M2_(Goin_and_Candela:_42) absent present;
{52 Posterolingual_paracristae_(Beck_et_al_2022_-_ch._25) absent present;
{53 Centrocrista_(=postparacrista_and_premetacrista)_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._31) present,_forming_the_centrocrista present,_but_not_forming_a_centrocrista_(='open'_centrocrista,_discontinuous_centrocrista) stark_or_absent,_without_forming_a_centrocrista;
{54 Centrocrista_shape_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._73) straight_or_incipiently_dilambdodont dilambdodont;
{55 M1_protocone_development reduced_or_vestigial developed;
{56 Protocone_development_on_M2-3 vestigial_or_absent developed_as_a_major_cusp;
{57 'Protocone size on M2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 32; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 57; Ladevèze et al. 2020 - ch. 45; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 209)' markedly_mesio-distally_compressed small_(narrower_than_bases_of_paracone_and_metacone),_( somewhat_expanded_anteroposteriorly_(as_wide_as_bases_of_paracone_and_metacone greatly_expanded_anteroposteriorly_(wider_than_bases_of_paracone_and_metacone)_(=large_and_bulky);
{58 'Protocone height (Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 58; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 212)' less_than_60%_of_para/metacone_height greater_than_or_equal_to_60%_of_para/metacone_height;
{59 'M1 protocone labially shifted (Goin and Candela, 2004; Goin et al., 2010)' absent present;
{60 Protoconal_cingula_presence absent present;
{61 'Protoconal cingula development (Goin and Candela, 2004; Goin et al., 2010)' short,_mesial_and_distal_cingula_not_merged complete,_cingula_merged;
{62 'Protoconal basin development (=reduced trigon basin in upper molars) on M2-3 (Métais et al. 2018 - ch. 48; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 214)' markedly_reduced_to_absent developed;
{63 Lingual_flex_in_the_upper_molars_between_protocone_and_metaconule_(=entoflexus)_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015_-_ch._43) absent present,_between_protocone_and_metaconule present,_between_paraconule_and_protocone;
{64 Postprotocrista_labial_end_relative_to_metacone_mesial/distal_walls_(Carneiro,_2018) at_base_or_distal_wall_of_metacone at_medial_face_of_the_metacone;
{65 Protostyle_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._23) absent present;
{66 'Paraconule inflation (=hypertrophied paraconule; large, subequal to the paraconule) (Chornogubsky 2021 - ch. 35)' absent present;
{67 'M1-3 spatial relationship among protocone and paraconule (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 44; Abello, 2013 - ch. 37; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 33)' not_aligned_at_lingual_border aligned_or_almost_aligned_at_lingual_border;
{68 'M1-2 spatial relationship among protocone and metaconule (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 44; Abello, 2013 - ch. 37; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 33)' not_aligned_at_lingual_border aligned_or_almost_aligned_at_lingual_border;
{69 'M3 spatial relationship among protocone and metaconule (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 44; Abello, 2013 - ch. 37; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 33)' not_aligned_at_lingual_border aligned_or_almost_aligned_at_lingual_border;
{70 M1_metaconule_relative_mesiodistal_size_to_protocone protocone_subequal_to_larger metaconule_larger;
{71 'M1 premetaconular cusp/neometaconule (Abello et al 2018 - ch. 81; Beck et al 2022 - ch. 22)' absent present;
{72 M1_neomorphic_cuspule_at_base_of_metaconule_(Beck_et_al._2022_-_ch._24) absent present;
{73 M1_lingual_accessory_cusps_on_the_mesial_lobe_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._38) absent present;
{74 M1_lingual_accessory_cusps_on_the_distal_lobe_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._39) none one_ more_than_one;
{75 'M1 paracingulum (Abello, 2013 - ch. 70; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 77)' present absent;
{76 M1_paracingulum_development_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._78) long short;
{77 Metaconule_shape_on_M2-3_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015_-_ch._37) pyramidal conical_and_inflated very_large,_'hypocone-like' large_metaconule_but_not_'hypocone-like' mesio-distally_compressed;
{78 'Premetaconular crest contact (Goin and Candela 2004: 23-24; Goin et al. 2010: 79)' meets_the_base_of_the_metacone meets_labially_the_trigon_basin;
{79 Flexus_in_postmetaconular_crest_(Abello_et_al._2021_-_ch._96) absent present;
{80 Paracingulum_on_M2-3 present absent;
{81 'Paracingulum on M2-3 (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 60; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 222)' developed_(=complete),_reaching_the_level_of_protoconal_basin short,_not_reaching_the_level_of_protoconal_basin;
{82 Paracingulum_contact_with_the_protoconal_basin_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._78) with_the_lingual_end_on_the_occlusal_surface with_the_lingual_end_on_the_crown_base;
{83 'Paracingulum and metacingulum of M1-3 expanded and level with the trigon basin (Chornogubsky and Goin 2015 - ch. 40; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 32)' absent present;
{84 'Metacingulum (=Postcingulum) development (=Postmetaconular crest on M1-2) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 63; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 79)' absent_or_weak_(=not_extended_labially_than_the_metacone_apex long_(=quite_extended_labially,_exceeding_metacone_apex);
{85 Distal_cingulum absent present;
{86 M2_mesiodistal_compression absent present;
{87 M1_x_M2_relative_size_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._44-45) M1_smaller_or_subequal_to_M2 M1_larger_than_M2;
{88 M2_x_M3_relative_size_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._48) M3_subequal_to_larger_than_M2_(=M3_large,_longer_than_the_M2) M3_smaller_than_M2_(=M3_small,_shorter_than_the_M2);
{89 M3/m3_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._43) present absent;
{90 M4_x_M3_relative_size M4_not_reduced M4_reduced_(clearly_smaller_than_M3);
{91 M4_protocone present reduced_or_absent;
{92 M4_metaconule_(Beck_et_al._2022_-_ch._27) not_hypocone-like hypocone-like;
{93 M1_compression_of_anterolabial_root_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._82) absent present;
{94 Shape_of_upper_molar_row_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._200) straight_or_nearly_straight bowed;
{95 'Enamel thickness in the molars (Abello, 2013 - ch. 12; Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 28; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 19-20; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 14)' uniform_throughout_the_entire_surface_of_the_tooth markedly_different_thickness_between_the_lateral_and_occlusal_faces;
{96 Enamel_wrinkles_in_talonid_basin absent present;
{97 Enamel_wrinkles_development slender stark,_present_even_in_worn_molars;
{98 Hypsodonty-hypselodonty_cheek-teeth_(Beck_et_al._2022_-_ch._13) absent present,_hypsodonty present,_hypselodonty;
{99 'Exodaenodonty (=unilateral hypsodonty) (Métais et al. 2018 - ch. 50; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 21)' absent present_(=higher_labially);
{100 Development_of_exodaenodonty_from_m1-m4_(Métais_et_al_2018_-_ch._50) regressive_(m1_>_m2_>_m3_>_m4) progressive_(m1_<_m2_<_m3_<_m4);
{101 Crown_shape_of_lower_molars_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._35) not_basally_wide basally_wide;
{102 Bilobed_molars_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._14) absent present;
{103 Lophodonty_molars_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._17) absent present;
{104 Trigonid_with_'spire-like'_cuspids absent present;
{105 m1_trigonid_shape_(=Wtri/Ltri)_(=dimensions_of_trigonid)_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._243) subequal_to_higher_than_0.70 lower_than_0.70_but_greater_than_0.40 lower_than_0.40;
{106 m1_'blade-like'_(i.e.,_the_trigonid_has_a_single_major_cuspid_that_has_a_shape_of_a_long_medium_crest_with_no_evident_lateral_cuspid) absent present;
{107 m1_paraconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._10) present absent;
{108 m1_anterior_crest_of_paraconid_(=of_trigonid)_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._20) absent present;
{109 m1_paraconid_and_metaconid_relative_height_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._19) paraconid_and_metaconid_subequal_in_height paraconid_taller metaconid_taller;
{110 m1_paraconid_and_protoconid_relative_height_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._19) protoconid_taller paraconid_and_protoconid_subequal_in_height;
{111 m1_metaconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._10) present absent;
{112 m1_metaconid_and_protoconid_relative_position_(Abello_et_al._2021_-_ch._26) both_aligned_or_metaconid_slightly_distal metaconid_distal_to_protoconid metaconid_mesial_to_the_protoconid;
{113 m1_protoconid_x_metaconid_size protoconid_larger both_subequal_or_metaconid_larger;
{114 m1_protoconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._10) present absent;
{115 m1_protoconid_position_relative_to_midline_of_the_tooth labially_placed_(not_at_the_midline_of_the_tooth) at_midline_of_the_tooth;
{116 m1_protoconid_orientation_(Goin_and_Abello,_2013_-_ch._5) vertical lingually_oriented;
{117 'm1 presence of mesial cuspule (Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 20; Chornogubsky 2021 - ch. 13)' absent present;
{118 m1_anterior_crest_of_the_protoconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._13) absent present;
{119 'm1 notch in the protocristid (Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 22; Abello et al. 2021 - ch. 30)' present absent;
{120 m1_with_mesiolabial_wall_on_trigonid_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._38) not_projected projected;
{121 m1_protostylid/ectostylid_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._34) absent present;
{122 m1_vertically_directed_crest absent present;
{123 m1_postprotocristid_contact with_metacristid with_hypoconid_or_cristid_obliqua_(=distally_open_trigonid);
{124 m1_talonid present vestigial_or_absent;
{125 Supernumerary_lingual_cusp(s)_on_the_talonid_of_m1_(Chornogubsky_2021_-_ch._14) absent present,_single present,_more_than_one;
{126 Lingual_cusp(s)_on_the_talonid_of_m1_relative_size_(Chornogubsky_2021_-_ch._15) subequal_in_high of_different_height;
{127 m1_entocristid present absent;
{128 m1_relative_height_of_distal_entocristid_end_and_distal_cristid_obliqua_end_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._51) roughly_equal cristid_obliqua_higher_;
{129 m1_entostylid_ridge_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._35) absent present;
{130 m1_with_cusps_basal_to_the_hypoconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._12) absent present;
{131 m1_orientation_of_cristid_obliqua_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch_24) in_contact_with_metaconid_(=lingual_contact) toward_notch_(=below_the_carnassial_notch) toward_protoconid_(=labial_contact) toward_trigonid_labial_wall_(well-labial_contact/lateral_contact);
{132 m1_precingulid_presence_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._37) present absent;
{133 m1_precingulid_development_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._37) well-developed reduced_(or_vestigial);
{134 'Lm1/Lm2 proportion (Carneiro 2018; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 18)' 0.9-1.0_(=m1_subequal_or_slightly_smaller_than_m2) higher_than_1.0_(=m1_larger_than_m2) lower_than_0.9_(=m1_moderately_to_much_smaller_than_m2);
{135 m1-2_shelf_lingual_to_entocristid_(Abello_et_al._2021_-_ch._53-54) absent present;
{136 m1_distolabial_rim_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._43) absent present;
{137 'Paraconid on m2-3 (Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 17; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 26)' present absent;
{138 Paraconid_placement_on_m2-3_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._17) lingually_placed_(=at_mesiolingual_angle_of_trigonid) labialized_but_more_lingually_placed_than_the_protoconid_(=at_anterior_edge_of_the_trigonid) labially_placed,_alligned_with_the_protoconid;
{139 'Paraconid mesial expansion (=anterior projection of the paraconid keel/ridge; mesiolingual face of the paraconid) presence (Eberle et al. 2019 - ch. 64; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 80; Muizon and Ladevèze 2020 - ch. 254)' absent present;
{140 Paraconid_mesial_expansion_development present_but_not_keeled present_and_keeled_(=strongly_keeled,_sometimes_with_basal_cusp);
{141 'Paraconid x metaconid position on m2-3 (Abello, 2013 - ch. 25; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 28)' paraconid_and_metaconid_with_bases_in_contact paraconid_and_metaconid_separated;
{142 'Paraconid and metaconid fusion (Abello, 2013 - ch. 25; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 28)' absent present_(=twinned/coalescent/merged);
{143 'Paraconid x metaconid height on m2 (Davis, 2007 - ch. 44; Abello, 2013 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 84; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 27)' paraconid_is_taller_than_metaconid_but_metaconid_is_greater_than_50%_of_the_height_of_the_paraconid two_cusps_are_equal_in_height metaconid_is_taller_than_paraconid paraconid_is_taller_than_metaconid_but_metaconid_is_less_than_50%_of_the_height_of_the_paraconid;
{144 'Paraconid x metaconid height on m3 (Davis, 2007 - ch. 44; Abello, 2013 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 84; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 27)' paraconid_is_taller_than_metaconid_but_metaconid_is_greater_than_50%_of_the_height_of_the_paraconid two_cusps_are_equal_in_height metaconid_is_taller_than_paraconid paraconid_is_taller_than_metaconid_but_metaconid_is_less_than_50%_of_the_height_of_the_paraconid;
{145 Postparacristid_orientation_on_m2_(Abello_et_al_-_2018_-_ch._29) mesiolingual-distolabially_oblique transverse mesiolabial-distolingually_oblique parallel;
{146 Metaconid_on_m2-3_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._87) present absent;
{147 'Metaconid x protoconid position on m2-3 (Abello, 2013 - ch. 22; Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 23; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 25)' distally_placed_to_the_protoconid transversally_aligned_or_incipiently_distal mesially_placed_on_m2-3 not_mesially_placed_on_m2,_mesially_placed_on_m3;
{148 'Crest-like expansion posterior to metaconid in m1-3 (Abello, 2013 - ch. 29; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 32)' absent present;
{149 Metacristid_presence_on_m2-3 present reduced_or_absent;
{150 Postprotocristid/metacristid_orientation_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._239) parallel_or_oblique_to_lower_jaw transverse_to_lower_jaw;
{151 Metastylid_on_lower_molars_on_m2-3_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._36) absent present;
{152 Metastylid_shape_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._36) cuspate metastylid_fold/crestlike;
{153 Protoconid_location_relative_to_midline_of_tooth_on_m2-4_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._251) slightly_labial_to_midline_of_tooth protoconid_at_midline_of_tooth_(=trigonid_basin_floor_lost);
{154 Protoconid_labial_expansion_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._71) distinctly_wider_at_mid-height_than_at_base subequal_or_narrower_at_mid-height_than_at_base;
{155 m2_protoconid_orientation_in_m1-2_(Goin_and_Abello,_2013_-_ch._5) vertical lingually_oriented;
{156 'Protoconid x paraconid height on m2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 22; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 83)' protoconid_taller_than_the_paraconid paraconid_subequal_or_taller_than_the_protoconid;
{157 'Protoconid x metaconid height on m2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 22; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 83; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 24)' protoconid_taller_than_metaconid both_subequal_or_nearly_subequal metaconid_taller;
{158 Protoconid_and_paraconid_alignment_at_midline_of_the_tooth_on_m2-3 absent present;
{159 Protoconid_height_(Hpo)_relative_to_length_(Lm)_in_m3_or_m4_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._82) Hpo/Lm_<_0.9 Hp/Lm_>_0.9;
{160 'Crest posterior to protoconid in m1-3 (Abello, 2013 - ch. 30; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 33)' absent present;
{161 Postprotocristid_distally_oriented_(=vertical_postprotocristid)_on_m2-3_(Goin_et_al.,_2010:_86) absent present;
{162 Protocristid_depth_on_m2-3_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._31) deep little_or_no_deep;
{163 Ectostylid/protostylid_on_m2-3_(Zimicz,_2011) absent present;
{164 Mesiolabial_trigonid_cusp_on_m2-3_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._30) absent present;
{165 m3_trigonid_basin_(Gillespie_et_al._2016:_9) present absent;
{166 Trigonid_x_talonid_height_(Muizon_and_Ladevèze_2022_-_ch._55) trigonid_higher_than_talonid_(ca._3_times) trigonid_moderately_higher_than_talonid_(ca._twice) trigonid_slightly_higher_or_both_subequal_in_height;
{167 Talonid_x_trigonid_length_(RtalL/triL)_on_m2-3_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._242) talonid_shorter_(between_0.90_to_0.33) subequal_or_one_just_slightly_shorter talonid_much_shorter_(less_than_0.33) talonid_longer;
{168 Talonid_x_trigonid_width_(labiolingual)_on_m2-3_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._244) trigonid_wider subequal_or_one_just_slightly_narrower talonid_wider;
{169 Hypoconid_presence_on_m2-3_(Engelmand_et_al._2020_-_ch._259) present absent;
{170 m2_hypoconid_x_protoconid_height_(Gillespie,_2023) protoconid_taller_or_subequal_to_hypoconid hypoconid_taller;
{171 Hypoconid_shape pyramidal spire-like;
{172 'Hypoconid x entoconid position on m2-3 (Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 22; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 51)' hypoconid_mesial_to_entoconid hypoconid_and_entoconid_transversally_aligned entoconid_mesial_to_hypoconid;
{173 Cristida_obliqua_presence_on_m2-3_Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._50 present absent;
{174 Cristid_obliqua_morphology_on_m2-3_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._50) long/well-developed short/reduced;
{175 'Cristid obliqua attachment on m2-3 (Oliveira and Goin, 2011 - ch. 60; Zimicz, 2013; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 90)' at_lingual_border lingual_to_the_carnassial_notch below_the_carnassial_notch labial_to_the_carnassial_notch labial_contact;
{176 m2_accessory_cusps_between_the_protoconid_and_the_hypoconid_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._23) none one two;
{177 Entoconid_presence_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._261) vestigial_to_absent present;
{178 'Entoconid x hypoconid height on m2-3 (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 96; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 263)' lower_than_hypoconid subequal_or_one_slightly_taller much_taller_than_hypoconid;
{179 Entoconid_x_hypoconulid_height_on_m2-3 hypoconulid_larger both_sub-equal_or_one_slightly_larger entoconid_larger;
{180 'Entoconid shape on m1-m3 (Goin et al., 2009 - ch. 15; Oliveira and Goin, 2011 - ch. 54; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 95; Abello et al 2018 - ch 42)' laterally_compressed_(=flattened) conical;
{181 Entoconid_with_two_vertical_grooves_(Goin_and_Candela,_2004) absent present;
{182 'Entocristid (pre-entocristid) on m2-3 (Goin et al., 2009 - ch. 14; Oliveira & Goin, 2011; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 98; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 267)' present reduced_or_absent;
{183 Entocristid_shape_on_m2-3_(Abello_et_al_2018_-_ch._44) straight_and_anteroposteriorly_oriented_on_m2-3 labially_concave_on_m2-3 lingually_concave_on_m2-3 labially_concave_on_m2,_straight_and_anteroposteriorly_oriented_on_m3 straight_on_m2,_labially_concave_on_m3__;
{184 Entocristid_carnassial_notch_(Cohen,_2017) absent present;
{185 Entocristid_direction_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._268) to_the_base_of_the_trigonid lingual_to_the_trigonid;
{186 'Entostylid (=entocristid supernumerary cuspid(s)) presence (Davis, 2007 - ch. 51; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 14)' absent present;
{187 'Entostylid (=entocristid supernumerary cuspid(s)) number (Davis, 2007 - ch. 51; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 14)' singles_cusp/one with_two_or_more;
{188 'Postentocristid on m1-3 (Abello, 2013 - ch. 36; Abello, 2018 - ch. 43)' absent present;
{189 Relative_height_of_distal_entocristid_end_and_distal_cristid_obliqua_end_on_m2-3_(Abello_et_al_2021_-_ch._52) roughly_equal cristid_obliqua_higher;
{190 Hypoconulid_presence present reduced_or_absent;
{191 'Hypoconulid shape in m2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin 2015 - ch. 16; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 52)' well_developed somewhat_reduced,_with_certain_mesiodistal_compression disc-shaped,_very_broad,_occupying_most_of_the_posthypocristid_edge;
{192 'Hypoconulid position on m2-3 (Oliveira and Goin, 2011 - ch. 62; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 92)' terminal_in_position,_not_twinned_with_the_entoconid more_lingually_placed,_still_nearly_terminal_and_twinned_with_the_entoconid lingual_in_position_and_twinned_with_the_entoconid posterolingual_in_position;
{193 'Precingulid on m2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 81; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 256)' present vestigial_to_absent;
{194 'Precingulid development on m2-3 (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 81; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 256)' normally_developed_(i.e.,_reaching_at_least_the_base_of_the_protoconid) short_(i.e._only_on_paraconid) long_(i.e.,_extends_to_the_labial_cingulid_or_mesial_wall_of_the_hypoconid);
{195 Postcingulid_development_m2-3 absent_or_weakly_developed well-developed;
{196 m2-3_labial_pseudotalonid_(=posterobasal_and_labial_cingula_merged_with_talonid_basin)_(Goin_et_al._2007:_64-65) not_merged_(=absent) merged_(=present);
{197 m2-3_lingual_pseudotalonid_(i.e.,_talonid_labially_basined_by_the_hypoconid_but_lingually_it_extends_through_the_lingual_wall_of_the_protoconid_forming_a_mesio-lingually_extended_talonid)_(Goin_et_al._2007:_64-65):_(0)_absent,_(1)_present absent present;
{198 M4/m4_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._26) present absent;
{199 Lm3/Lm4_proportion_(Goin_and_Abello_2013_-_ch._12) m4_not_reduced_(=1.0-1.5) m4_reduced_(=1.6_or_more) enlarged_m4_(=lower_than_1.0);
{200 m4_trigonid_shape_(=Wtri/Ltri) subequal_to_higher_than_0.7 lower_than_0.7;
{201 m4_metaconid_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._87-88) present absent;
{202 m4_metaconid_x_paraconid_size sub-equal paraconid_taller,_but_metaconid_greater_than_50%_of_the_height_of_paraconid metaconid_taller paraconid_taller,_with_metaconid_smaller_than_50%_of_the_height_of_paraconid;
{203 m4_protoconid_hypertrophy absent_(=not_hypertrophied) present_(=hypertrophied);
{204 m4_postprotocristid_merged_with_the_hypoconulid absent present;
{205 m4_talonid present absent;
{206 m4_talonid_development talonid_long_(i.e._about_the_length_of_trigonid_or_longer) talonid_short_(i.e._shorter_than_the_trigonid_but_longer_than_33%) talonid_very_short_(=or_reduced)_(i.e._less_than_33%_of_trigonid's_length);
{207 m4_hypoconid present absent;
{208 m4_entoconid_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._63) absent present;
{209 m4_entoconid_hypertrophy not_hypertrophied hypertrophied,_occuping_most_of_the_talonid_basin;
{210 m4_hypoconid_x_entoconid_position entoconid_at_distolingual_corner_and_distal_to_hypoconid entoconid_more_mesially_shifted_(=transversally_aligned_or_mesial_to_hypoconid);
{211 m4_protocristid_contacts_the_hypoconulid absent present;
{212 m4_hypoconulid present absent;
{213 'm4 hypoconulid relative size (Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 93; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 266)' as_tall_as_or_lower_than_other_talonid_cusps taller_than_other_talonid_cusps;
{214 m4_hypoconulid_position central_or_nearly_central more_lingually_shifted;
{215 m4_posterolabial_cingulid_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._274) absent present;
{216 m4_lingual_pseudotalonid_(lingual_shelf_formed_by_the_entocristid_merged_with_talonid_basin)_(Goin_et_al._2007:_64-65) absent present;
{217 m4_labial_pseudotalonid_(i.e.,_posterobasal_and_labial_cingula_merged_with_talonid_basin)_(Goin_et_al._2007:_64-65) not_merged_(=absent) merged_(=present);
{218 'm4 roots number (Abello et al., 2013 - ch. 46; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 59; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 53)' two_roots single/one_root;
{219 Molar_horizontal_ramus_increasing_in_height_from_m1_to_m4_(Goin_and_Candela,_2004:_27) absent present;
{220 P1_presence present absent;
{221 P1_number_of_roots_(Carneiro_and_Oliveira,_2017b) two one;
{222 P2_presence present absent;
{223 P2_development well-developed reduced;
{224 P2_number_of_roots two one;
{225 P2_with_lingual_bulge/'protocone-like'_cusp absent present;
{226 P2_plagiaulacoid absent present;
{227 P2_and_P3_relative_sizes_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._27) P2_subequal_or_smaller_than_P3 P2_larger_than_P3;
{228 P3_presence present absent;
{229 P3_symmetry_(Chornogubsky_2021_-_ch._29) symmetric asymmetric;
{230 P3_relative_length_to_M1 P3_shorter_to_subequal_to_M1 P3_longer_than_M1;
{231 P3_relative_height_to_M1_in_occlusal_view_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._55) not_hypertrophied_(lower_to_only_slightly_taller_than_M hypertrophied_(p3_at_minimum_2x_taller_than_M1);
{232 'P3 width shape (Gillespie et al. 2016 - ch. 6; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 54)' uniform_width_(=fusiform,_broadest_centrally) wider_posteriorly wider_anteriorly/medially;
{233 P3_length-width_ratio_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin_2015_-_ch._7) between_1.5_and_2.0 less_than_1.5 greater_than_2.0;
{234 P3_number_of_lobes one two;
{235 P3_presence_of_cusps_on_longitudinal_blade_(Gillespie_et_al_2016_-_ch._5) absent present;
{236 P3_size_of_cusps_on_longitudinal_blade_(Gillespie_et_al_2016_-_ch._5) small enlarged;
{237 P3_curvature_of_the_longitudinal_blade_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._9) straight labially/buccally_convex lingually_convex;
{238 P3_anterolingual_crest_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._10) absent crested cusped;
{239 P3_longitudinal_blade_slope_of_the_posterior_end_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._11) steep gently-angled_(=shallow/subhorizontal) gently_convex;
{240 P3_v-shaped_longitudinal_blade_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._12) absent present;
{241 P3_posterobuccal_crest_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._15) absent present;
{242 P3_with_lingual_bulge/'protocone-like'_cusp absent present;
{243 'P3 posterolingual cingulum (Abello et al 2018 - ch. 57; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 188)' present absent;
{244 P3_posterolingual_cusp_(Beck_et_al_2020_-_ch._10) absent present;
{245 'P3 posterolabial cingulum (Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 189; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 58)' present absent;
{246 P3_labial_ridges_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._59) absent present;
{247 P3_lingual_ridges_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._60) absent present;
{248 P3_enamel_extending_down_the_buccal_surface_and_onto_the_root_(Beck_et_al_2022_-_ch._11) absent present;
{249 P3_number_of_roots_(Cohen,_2017) two one three;
{250 Number_of_lower_premolars_(Luo_et_al.,_2011_-_ch._153) four_or_more three_or_less;
{251 'Gliriform lower dentition (i.e., canine and premolars are similar in shape, with some teeth usually absent or with neomorphic teeth) (Abello et al., 2015 - ch. 4; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 5)' absent present,_with_eight_antemolar_teeth present,_with_less_than_eight_anteromolar_teeth;
{252 p1_presence_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._4) present absent;
{253 p1_number_of_roots two one;
{254 p1_shape_and_position_of_main_cusp_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._186) anteroposteriorly_aligned_with_or_anterior_to_anterior_root posterior_to_anterior_root;
{255 'P1/p1 orientation relative to tooth row (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 20; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 178)' paralel_to_tooth_row_(=less_than_19_degrees), obliquely_oriented_to_tooth_row_(20_degrees_or_more) transversely_oriented_to_tooth_row;
{256 Diastema_between_p1-p2_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_183) absent_(alveolar_margins_in_contact) small_(less_than_one_tooth_root_in_length) long_(greater_than_one_tooth_root_in_length);
{257 p2_presence_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._5) present absent;
{258 p2_development well-developed reduced;
{259 p2_symmetry_of_main_cusp_(=anteroposterior_symmetry_of_the_p2) anterior_edge_of_cusp_more_convex_than_posterior_edge_(=asymmetric) both_edges_similar_in_curvature_(=symmetric);
{260 p2_number_of_roots two one;
{261 p2_marginal_cingulids_(i.e.,_cingulids_that_extends_to_the_mesial_wall_of_the_premolar) absent present;
{262 p2_precingulid_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._193) absent present;
{263 P/p2_relative_to_tooth_row_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._179) parallel_to_subparallel oblique almost_transveral;
{264 p2_and_p3_relative_sizes_(Oliveira_and_Goin,_2011_-_ch._69) p3_larger_than_p2 p3_subequal_to_p2 p3_smaller_than_p2;
{265 Diastema_between_p2-p3 absent_(alveolar_margins_in_contact) small_(less_than_one_tooth_root_in_length) long_(greater_than_one_tooth_root_in_length);
{266 LP/p3_relative_to_cheektooth_row_length_(LM/m1-4)_(Gillespie_et_al._2016_-_ch._8) lower_than_0.40 between_0.40-0.60 greater_than_0.60;
{267 Lp3/Lm1_proportion_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._9) m1_longer_or_equivalent_to_p3_(=less_or_equal_to_1.0) p3_longer_than_m1_(=greater_than_1.0);
{268 p3-m1_contact_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._13) mostly_contiguous p3_supports_most_or_all_of_the_m1_trigonid_;
{269 Diastema_between_p3_and_m1 absent present;
{270 P3/p3_orientation_relative_to_tooth_row_(Forasiepi_et_al._2015:11) aligned_with_molar_series slightly_obliquely,_distally_inclined;
{271 p3_development_(Abello_et_al._2021_-_ch._19) well-developed reduced;
{272 p3_morphology premolariform bulbous subtriangular_and_bladed peg-like;
{273 p3_anterior_lingual_crests_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._11) absent present;
{274 'p3 symmetry of main cusp (=anteroposterior symmetry of the p3) (Forasiepi et al. 2015 - ch. 129; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 194; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 7)' anterior_edge_of_cusp_more_convex_than_posterior_edge_(=asymmetric) both_edges_similar_in_curvature_(=symmetric);
{275 p3_number_of_labial_ribs_on_p3_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._8) none one two;
{276 'p3 main cusp (Abello et al. 2013 - ch. 10; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 12)' straight lingually_bent;
{277 p3_with_anterobasal_cuspule_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._9) absent present;
{278 p3_talonid_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._10) present absent;
{279 p3_talonid_cuspid_(sensu_Goin_et_al,_2023) absent present;
{280 p3_marginal_cingulids_(i.e.,_cingulids_that_extends_to_the_mesial_wall_of_the_premolar) absent present;
{281 'p3 number of roots (Abello et al., 2013 - ch. 6; Abello et al 2018 - ch. 8)' two_roots one_root three_roots_or_incipiently_three-rooted;
{282 Lower_premolars_roots_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._192) flat_(as_wide_as_crown) bulbous_on_only_one_premolar bulbous_on_all_premolars;
{283 Diastema_between_c-p1_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_182) absent_(alveolar_margins_in_contact) small_(less_than_one_tooth_root_in_length) long_(greater_than_one_tooth_root_in_length);
{284 Diastema_between_C-P1_(Suarez_et_al_2023_-_ch._183) absent present;
{285 Upper_canine_presence_(Beck_et_al._2020_-_ch._3) present absent;
{286 Upper_canine_number_of_roots_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._167) two one;
{287 Shape_of_the_labial_face_of_the_upper_canine_(Suarez_et_al_2023_-_ch._178) continuous divided_in_two_flat_surfaces_(antero-labial_and_posterolabial);
{288 Upper_canines_shape_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._170) caninelike caninelike,_saber-like premolar-like;
{289 Roots_of_upper_canines_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._171) closed_in_adults open;
{290 'C/c relative size (=Asymmetry in mesio-distal length of the canines [taken at the alveolar level]) (Goin 1997:204; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 172)' equivalent C_relativley_larger_than_c;
{291 'Canine surface of the roots (Babot et al. 2002 - ch. 34; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 16; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 173)' smooth corrugated_(=with_small_grooves_and_ridges) deeply_corrugated_(=with_deep_grooves);
{292 Canine_prominent_median_sulci_on_labial_faces_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._174) absent present;
{293 Canine_prominent_median_sulci_on_lingual_faces_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._175) absent present;
{294 Lower_canine_presence_(Chornogubsky_2020_-_ch._3) present absent;
{295 Lower_canine_roots_number_(Luo_et_al.,_2011_-_ch._151) two one;
{296 Lateral_compression_of_lower_canine_(Suarez_et_al._2023_-_ch._173) without_compression_or_slightly_compressed_(length/width_<_1.60) very_compressed_(length/width_>_or_=_1.60);
{297 Roots_of_lower_canines_(Engelman_et_al_2020_-_ch._172) closed_in_adults open;
{298 Lower_canine_procumbence_(Suarez_et_al_2023_-_ch._179) erect_(=vertical) semi-procumbent_(=sub-vertical_(root_inclination_>_60_degrees_respect_to_the_horizontal_plane) procumbent_(=oblique,_inclined_forward);
{299 Canine_enamel_layer_(Babot_et_al._2022:_481) with_moderately_to_thick_enamel_layer with_thin_enamel_layer;
{300 'Upper incisors number (Beck, 2017 - ch. 148; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 1; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 156)' five four three two one;
{301 'Upper incisors shape (Beck, 2017 - ch. 161; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 8)' peg-shaped spatulated hypsodont/triangular_(sensu_Zimicz_and_Goin,_2020);
{302 I2-3_posteriormost_cusp_(Abello_et_al_2021_-_ch._66) absent present_as_a_small_cusp present_as_a_large,_rounded_cusp;
{303 'Size upper I3 vs. I2 (Beck, 2017 - ch. 162; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 6; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 160)' I3_>_I2 I3_=_I2 I3_<_I2;
{304 Diastema_between_I3_and_I4_(Abello_et_al._2018_-_ch._68) absent present;
{305 Morphology_of_I4_(Abello_et_al._2021_-_ch._67) gracile_tooth_with_a_single_pointed_cusp flat_ventral_margin_with_no_prominent_cusp with_three_pointed_crowns;
{306 'Lower incisors number (Beck, 2017 - ch. 147; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 10)' four three two one;
{307 'First lower incisor (i2) hypertrophy (Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 4; Abello et al 2018 - ch 3) ' not_hypertrophied hypertrophied;
{308 First_lower_incisor_(i2)_orientation_(Chornogubsky_and_Goin,_2015_-_ch._4) subvertical horizontal;
{309 First_lower_incisor_(i2)_hypsodonty absent present;
{310 First_lower_incisor_and_second_lower_incisor_size_comparison first_=_second first_>_second second_>_first;
{311 Second_lower_incisor_hypertrophy absent present;
{312 'Staggered second lower incisor (i3 of Hershkovitz) (Beck, 2017- ch. 168; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 114; Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 11)' absent present;
{313 Bilobed_third_lower_incisor absent present;
{314 Deciduous_dentition deciduous_premolars deciduous_P3/p3_only;
{315 Replacement_of_dP3 dp3_is_replaced dp3_is_not_replaced;
{316 'Dentary relative height (=shape of dentary - depth below m3/m4 embrasure/length m1-4) (Goin and Abello, 2013 - ch. 1; Chornogubsky and Goin, 2015 - ch. 2; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 103; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 139)' shallow_(less_than_0.6) intermediate_(between_0.6_and_0.8) elevated_(more_than_0.8);
{317 'Height difference between the alveolar plan of the premolar and molar series (=high of the mandible at the diastema) (Goin and Abello, 2013 - ch. 2; Chornogubsky 2020 - ch. 6)' progressive_increase_in_the_height_(=dentary_anterior_to_p3_is_equal_to_the_one_at_the_level_of_the_molar_row) abrupt_increase_in_the_height_at_the_level_of_p3_(=dentary_anterior_to_p3_is_considerably_lower_than_the_high_at_the_molar_row) continuous_increase_in_the_height_at_the_level_of_p3/m1;
{318 'Dentary alignment of premolars and molars alveoli (sensu Goin & Carlini 1995; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 140)' linearly-placed slightly_arched_labially markedly_arched_lingually_(=sigmoid);
{319 'Mandibular symphysis fusion (Beck, 2017 - ch. 175; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 105; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 141; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 143)' dentaries_articulated_at_symphysis_(unfused) dentaries_strongly_ankylosed dentary_fused_at_symphysis;
{320 Symphyseal_flange_subvertical_and_with_radially_oriented,_lingual_bone_striations_(Goin,_1997:_203) absent present;
{321 Dorsomedial_symphyseal_ridge_(Chornogubsky_2021_-_ch._1) absent present;
{322 'Anteroventral edge of mandibular symphysis (=Orientation/shape of anterior end of dentary) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 106; Ladevèze et al. 2020 - ch. 81; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 4; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 142)' 'horizontal to subhorizontal (=slanting and forming a small angle with tooth row; tapering forward, with ventral border continuous or bending upwards in an angle < 40º)' 'dorsally projected (=less slanting, forming an angle; Increasing in height forward, with ventral border bending upwards in an angle > or = 40º)';
{323 Mental_foramina_number_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._143) one_or_two three_or_more;
{324 Enlarged_anterior_mental_foramen_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._144) absent present;
{325 Anterior-most_mental_foramen_location approximately_at_the_same_level_than_the_other_mental_foramina clearly_ventral_to_the_level_of_the_other_mental_foramina dorsal_to_the_level_of_the_other_mental_foramina;
{326 'Posterior mental foramen position (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 107; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 145)' below_p3_or_anterior at_p3/m1_embrasure_or_below_m1 posterior_to_m1;
{327 'Retromolar space presence (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 113; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 146)' developed vestigial_or_absent;
{328 'Retrodental (=retromolar) foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 260; Abello et al 2021 - ch. 12)' absent present;
{329 'Angle between coronoid process and tooth row (Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 112; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 152)' subvertical_between_95_and_105° between_106_and_125° more_than_125°;
{330 'Masseteric fossa (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 84; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 67; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 108; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 148)' restricted_dorsally_by_crest_reaching_condyle extends_ventrally_to_lower_margin_of_dentary masseteric_fossa_and_coronoid_process_extremely_;
{331 'Posterior shelf of masseteric fossa (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 68; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 109; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 149)' absent present;
{332 'Mandibular foramen position (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 74; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 116; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 153)' posterior_to_anterior_to_the_coronoid_process_(=posterior_to_mid-point_of_coronoid_process) below_(=at_mid-point_of_coronoid_process) anterior_to_mid-point_of_coronoid_process;
{333 'Coronoid facet (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 76; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 111)' present absent;
{334 'Shape of the angular process (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 115; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 151)  ' Shelf-like_(ASL/AL_>_0.81) Intermediate_(0.72_<_ASL/AL_<_0.81 Rod-like_(ASL/AL_<_0.72);
{335 'Angular process medially inflected (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 73; Beck, 2017 - ch. 174; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 114; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 150)' posteriorly_directed medially_inflected posteroventrally_directed;
{336 'Morphology of mandibular condyle (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 71; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 117; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 154)' ovoid_or_subspherical cylindrical;
{337 'Condyle position relative to tooth row (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 72; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 118; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 155; Engelman et al. 2018:9-10)' above_alveolar_border_of_tooth_row dorsal_to_the_alveolar_border_of_the_molars_but_not_dorsal_to_the_crowns_of_the_molars level_with_the_alveolar_border_of_the_molar_row_or_below_molar_row;
{338 'Ventral margin of the dentary behind last molar continuous to condyle (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 104; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 140)' straight gently_curved_(=convex,_angled_or_rounded);
{339 'Meckelian groove presence (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 75; Luo et al., 2011)' present vestigial_or_absent;
{340 'Meckelian groove development (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 75; Luo et al., 2011)' well-developed weakly_developed;
{341 'Length of the skull (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 119; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 1)' short_(Less_than_twice_width_at_level_of_zygomatic_arch long_(Greater_than_twice_width_at_level_of_zygomatic_arch);
{342 'Length of rostrum (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 2; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 120)' Less_or_equal_than_1/3_total_length_of_skull between_1/3_and_1/2_total_length_of_skull more_than_1/2_total_length_of_skull__;
{343 'Upper incisor arcade shape (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 157; Beck, 2017 - ch. 157; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 9)' parabolic_(=_U-shape) slightly_convex_anteriorly transverse not_an_arcade:_compressed_transversely_with_incisors_telescoped broad_v-shape long,_narrow_v-shape;
{344 'Postorbital process development (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 137; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 18)' absent_or_weak_tuberosity well-developed_(=conspicuous_protruding_process);
{345 'Septomaxilla (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 78; Beck, 2017 - ch. 197)' present absent;
{346 'Paracanine fossa lateral margin (=anterolateral process of the maxilla in the paracanine fossa) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 81; Beck, 2017 - ch. 265; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 125; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 7)' 'present, the anterolateral process of the maxilla closes the fossa laterally; the paracanine fossa is composed of the maxilla and premaxilla' 'absent, the fossa is opened laterally; the paracanine fossa is composed of the premaxilla only';
{347 'Paracanine fossa morphology (=dimensions of paracanine fossa) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 126; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 8)' not_extended_dorsally,_longer_(anteroposteriorly)_than_high_(dorsoventrally) extended_dorsally,_higher_dorsoventrally_than_(or_as_high_as)_long_(anteroposteriorly);
{348 'Precanine notch (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 127; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 9)' absent present;
{349 'Premaxilla, palatal process (=lateral palatal process of the premaxilla) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 79; Beck, 2017 - ch. 199; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 128; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 11)' Anterior_to_or_just_reaches_anterior_border_of_canine_alveolus posterior_to_anterior_border_of_canine_alveolus;
{350 'Posterior border of incisive foramen (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 9; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 129)' anterior_to_or_just_reaches_anterior_border_of_canine_alveolus posterior_to_anterior_border_of_canine_alveolus posterior_to_posterior_border_of_canine_alveolus_;
{351 'Position of medial palatal process of premaxilla (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 10; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 130) ' Horizontal Inclined_dorsally,_forming_an_incisive_fossa;
{352 'Internarial process of the premaxilla (=distinct narial tubercle or process at the anterodorsomedial angle of the premaxilla) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 163; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 131; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 13)' absent present;
{353 'Posterior end of the facial (posterodorsal) process of the premaxilla (=posterior-most point of premaxillo-nasal contact) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 158; Beck, 2017 - ch. 177; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 132; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 14)' above_canine_or_anterior_(=anterior_or_at_the_level_of_the_canine) above_P1_or_P2_(=posterior_to_the_canine)_ posterior_to_P2;
{354 'Anterior extent of nasals (=nasals overhangs nasal aperture) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 133-134; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 15)' protrude_anteriorly,_obscuring_the_nasal_opening_in_dorsal_view_(=present) retracted_posteriorly,_exposing_the_narial_opening_in_dorsal_view_(=absent);
{355 Antorbital_fossa_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._267) absent present;
{356 Maxillo-nasal_contact_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._268) present prevented_by_premaxilla-frontal_contact_(=absent);
{357 'Fronto-maxillary or naso-lacrimal contact (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 86; Beck, 2017 - ch. 179; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 139; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 19)' absent_(=naso-lacrimal_contact) present_(=maxillofrontal_contact);
{358 'Shape of naso-frontal suture (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 135; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 16)' wide_open_W-shaped_or_posteriorly_convex acute_W-shaped_or_posteriorly_convexacute_W_or_V-shaped;
{359 'Naso-frontal suture with medial process of frontals wedged between nasals (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 96; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 84; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 136; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 17)' absent present;
{360 'Nasal foramina (=antorbital vacuities) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 85; Abello et al. 2018 - ch. 1)' absent present;
{361 'Lacrimal tubercle (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 87; Beck, 2016 - ch. 180; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 141; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 46)' present absent;
{362 'Lacrimal foramen exposed on face (=position of lacrimal foramina) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 88; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 142; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 47)' absent_or_within_orbit present_or_exposed_on_face;
{363 'Lacrimal foramen number (Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 49; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 89; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 143; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 48)' double single;
{364 Bones_surrounding_infraorbital_canal_in_the_orbit_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._176) maxilla_+_lacrimal maxilla_only;
{365 Lacrimal_anterior_extent_(width_of_facial_process_relative_to_lacrimal_dorsoventral_height)_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._44) restricted_to_orbit_(less_than_half_height) extending_onto_rostrum_(more_than_half_height);
{366 'Facial process of the lacrimal shape (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 140; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 45)' small_crescentic_and_rounded_anteriorly_(=rounded) large_triangular_and_pointed_anteriorly_(=triangular_with_anterodorsal_projection);
{367 Posterior_extent_of_lacrimal_(Suarez_et_al_2023_-_ch._45) anterior_to_the_level_of_the_postorbital_process_/bar extends_posteriorly,_reaching_the_level_of_the_postorbital_process_/bar;
{368 'Exit(s) of infraorbital canal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 94; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 82)' multiple single;
{369 'Flaring of maxillary "cheeks" behind infraorbital foramen (=flaring of cheeks behind infraorbital foramen, as seen in ventral view) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 95; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 83; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 145; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 23)' present absent;
{370 'Infraorbital foramen location/position (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 144; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 22; Abello et al. 2018 - ch 2)' anterior_or_dorsal_to_the_anterior_root_of_P3 dorsal_to_the_posterior_root_of_P3_or_dorsal_to_M1 posterior_to_M1_;
{371 Fossa_for_the_levator_labii_muscle_in_the_anterior_end_of_the_jugal_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._147) absent present,_mainly_in_the_jugal present,_mainly_in_the_maxila;
{372 'Maxillo-jugal contact angle (=maxillary-jugal contact bifurcated) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 91; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 146; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 20)' absent_(=more_than_140º_degree) present_(=between_95º_and_140º_degrees);
{373 Anterior_medial_and_lateral_palatal_processes_of_the_maxilla_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._148) both_processes_approximately_of_the_same_size medial_process_much_smaller_than_the_lateral_or_absent;
{374 Zygomatic_arch_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._92) stout delicate;
{375 Masseteric_process_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._259) absetn present;
{376 'Maximum maxilla (palatal portion) length/width ratio (Beck, 2017 - ch. 178; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 26)' ratio_less_or_equal_to_1.5 ratio_larger_than_1.5;
{377 'Shape of fronto-parietal suture (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 165; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 52) ' formed_by_posterior_wedge_of_frontals formed_by_anterior_wedge_of_parietals no_wedge,_roughly_straight_;
{378 Palate_shape_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._27) rectangular_(molar_rows_near_parallel) triangular_(wider_posteriorly) arc-shaped_(wider_at_middle_and_narrower_posteriorly);
{379 'Palatal pits presence (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 149; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 28)' none_(=absent) present;
{380 'Palatal pits number independently of their size (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 149; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 28)' one_(between_ultimate_and_penultimate_molar) two_between_ultimate,_penultimate_and_antepenultimate_molars two_pits_between_first,_antepenultimate,_and_penultimate_molars;
{381 'Palatal vacuities (=maxillopalatine fenestrae) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 93; Beck, 2017 - ch. 198; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 150; Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 59; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 29)' absent_or_just_small_foramina present,_restricted_to_palatine_bones present,_in_both_palatine_and_maxillary_bones_;
{382 'Major palatine foramen (=Foramina on maxilla) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 151; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 30)' absent present,_many_small_foramina_on_the_surface_of_the_maxilla;
{383 'Minor palatine (=postpalatine) foramen (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 102; Wilson et al. 2017 - ch. 97; Beck, 2017 - ch. 200; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 152; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 31)' present_and_complete incomplete_or_absent;
{384 'Palatal expansion behind last molar (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 100; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 94; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 153; Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 68; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 32)' anterior_(=Extend_to_the_level_of_the_last_molar)_or_even_with posterior_(=extend_beyond_the_level_of_the_last_molar);
{385 'Posterior end of palatines (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 95; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 154; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 33)' weak_or_absent_and_posterior_edge_of_palate_concave_posteriorly_(single-arched,_concave_posteriorly) absent_and_posterior_edge_of_the_palate_straight prominent_and_posterior_edge_of_the_palate_double-arched;
{386 'Level of the palate relative to the basicranium (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 96; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 124; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 6; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 6)' absent_(=palate_lower_than_basicranium) present_(=palate_and_basicranium_at_the_same_level)_;
{387 'Pterygoids development (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 104; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 99; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 29; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 160; Beck and taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 71)' well-developed_ reduced;
{388 'Pterygoids contact on midline (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 104; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 99; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 29; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 160; Beck and taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 71)' present absent;
{389 Pterygopalatine_crests_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._100) present absent;
{390 'Ectopterygoid process of alisphenoid (=posterior process of pterygoids, which covers the alisphenoid-basisphenoid suture) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 101; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 161)' absent present;
{391 'Optic foramen (=optic foramen and sphenorbital fissure) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 102; Beck, 2017 - ch. 202; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 48; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 163)' well_separated_from_sphenorbital_fissure_(=absent) confluent_with_sphenorbital_fissure_(=present);
{392 'Orbitotemporal canal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 105; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 103; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 162)' present absent;
{393 'Carotid foramen position (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 105; Beck, 2017 - ch. 191; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 194; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 87)' within_basisphenoid_(=well_anterior_to_basioccipital-basisphenoid_suture) in_basisphenoid_close_to_the_level_of_basioccipital-basisphenoid_suture between_basisphenoid_and_petrosal;
{394 'Transverse canal (=transverse foramen) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 168; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 104; Beck 2017 - ch. 192; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 50; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 181; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 68)' absent present;
{395 Transverse_canal_position_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._193) anterior_to_carotid_foramen perforating_pterygoid_fossa confluent_with_carotid_foramen posterior_to_carotid_foramen;
{396 'Complete wall separating cavum supracochleare from cavum epiptericum (=floor of cavum supracochleare) (Ladevèze and Muizon 2007 - ch. 118; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 128; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 1; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 225; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 127)' absent present;
{397 'Cavum epiptericum (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 119; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 109; Beck 2017 - ch. 219; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 2; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 205; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 112)' floored_by_petrosal petrosal_and_alisphenoid primarily_or_exclusively_by_alisphenoid primarily_open_(=open_as_a_pyriform_fenestra);
{398 'Fossa subarcuata (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 120; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 159; Beck, 2017 - ch. 220; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 3; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 209; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 114)' deep_(=greatest_diameter_larger_than_aperture_-_spherical) 'shallow (=intermediate: greatest diameter subequal to aperture - cylindrical; wide open: greatest diameter is the aperture - conical)' very_shallow_or_absent:_just_a_depression;
{399 'Posterior exposure of the pars mastoidea (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 121; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 4)' dorsoventrally_elongated_and_approximately_flat rounded_and_bulbous_due_to_the_excavation_of_the_fossa_subarcuata;
{400 'Intratympanic sinus excavated in the exoccipital (Muizon et a. 2018 - ch. 186; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 76)' absent present;
{401 'Expansion of the crista petrosa into a salient crest that may cover the anterolateral part of the fossa subarcuata (Beck, 2017 - ch. 222; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 5; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 206; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 115)' absent present;
{402 'Anterior lamina exposure on lateral braincase wall presence (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 123; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 108; Beck, 2017 - ch. 223; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 6; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 168)' present absent;
{403 'Anterior lamina exposure on lateral braincase wall development (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 123; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 108; Beck, 2017 - ch. 223; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 6; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 168)' large rudimentary;
{404 'Internal acoustic meatus (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 153; Beck, 2017 - ch. 225; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 9; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 207; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 113)' deep,_with_thick_prefacial_commissure shallow,_with_thin_prefacial_commissure;
{405 'Deep groove for internal carotid artery excavated on anterior pole of promontorium (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 127; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 148; Beck 2017 - ch. 226; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 82; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 10; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 210)' absent present;
{406 'Tensor tympani fossa (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 128; Beck 2017 - ch. 227; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 11; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 214; Muizon and Ladevèze 2022 - ch. 164)' smooth_and_shallow_area distinct_circular_pit_or_elongated_fossa long_and_narrow_groove_bordering_anterolateral_edge_of_promontorium;
{407 'Epitympanic wing medial to promontorium presence (=anteromedial flange - Wible, 2003) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 122; Beck 2017 - ch. 228-229; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 83; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 12-13; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 204)' absent present;
{408 'Epitympanic wing medial to promontorium shape (=anteromedial flange - Wible, 2003) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 122; Beck 2017 - ch. 228-229; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 83; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 12-13; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 204)' flat undulated confluent_with_bulla;
{409 'Lateral flange (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 126; Beck 2017 - ch. 230; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 14)' large_and_lateral_to_promontorium greatly_reduced_or_absent;
{410 'Tympanic sinus formed in the lateral trough (or lateral expansion of the pars canalicularis) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 162; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 15; Maga and Beck, 2018 - ch. 254)' absent present;
{411 'Broad shelf of bone surrounding fenestra cochleae and making a separation between it and aqueductus cochleae (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 161; Beck 2017 - ch. 231; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 16)' absent present;
{412 'Rostral tympanic process of petrosal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 133; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 130; Beck, 2017 - ch. 232; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 213; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 17; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 120)' absent_or_low_ridge_or_smooth_tubercle patent/distinct_crest_or_erected_process;
{413 'Rostral tympanic process anterior extent (=anterolaterally directed wing) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 134; Beck, 2017 - ch. 233; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 216; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 18; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 121)' not_winged restricted_to_posterior_half extends_anteriorly_and_contacts_alisphenoid;
{414 'Tympanic aperture of hiatus Fallopii (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 135; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 123; Beck, 2017 - ch. 234; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 223; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 20; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 125)' present absent;
{415 'Hiatus Fallopii position (=tympanic aperture of hiatus Fallopii) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 135; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 123; Beck, 2017 - ch. 234; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 223; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 20; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 125)' ventral_(tympanic)_face_of_petrosal 'intermediary (i.e., neither visible in dorsal nor in ventral views; at anterior edge of petrosal)' on_dorsal_(cerebellar)_face_of_petrosal_(=in_roof_through_petrosal);
{416 'Stylomastoid foramen (=Exit of facial nerve) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 136; Beck 2017 - ch. 235; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 21; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 224; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 126)' absent_(=stylomastoid_notch) present_(=stylomastoid_foramen);
{417 'Inferior petrosal sinus (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 137; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 151; Beck 2017 - ch. 236; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 22)' intrapetrosal between_petrosal,_basisphenoid,_and_basioccipital endocranial;
{418 'Mastoid exposure (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 162; Beck, 2017 - ch. 237; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 23; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 232)' large_on_occiput_(=contacts_the_parietal) narrow_(=does_not_contact_the_parietal) reduced_pars_mastoidea,_internal_to_the_braincase_and_wedged_between_the_squamosal_and_exoccipital;
{419 'Paroccipital process (sensu Wible and Hopson 78) (=mastoid tympanic process) presence (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 139; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 131; Beck 2017 - ch. 238; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 222)' present indistinct_or_absent;
{420 'Paroccipital process (sensu Wible and Hopson 78) (=mastoid tympanic process) orientation and shape (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 139; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 131; Beck 2017 - ch. 238; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 24; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 222)' large_vertical_process small,_nodelike,_and_ventrally_directed_process,_forming_a_distinct_posterior_wall_of_the_stylomastoid_notch;
{421 'Caudal tympanic process of petrosal development (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 132, 134; Beck, 2017 - ch. 239-240; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 218; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 25-26; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 122)' forms_a_small_crest_that_does_not_wholly_floor_the_postpromontorial_sinus forms_an_expanded_lamina_that_floors_the_postpromontorial_sinus;
{422 'Petrosal plate (Beck 2017 - ch. 241; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 27; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 217; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 123)' absent present;
{423 'Fossa incudis (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 137; Beck 2017 - ch. 242; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 28; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 92; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 230)' continuous_with_epitympanic_recess separated_from_epitympanic_recess;
{424 'Petrosal crest (=tympanic petrosal crest) (sensu Muizon, 1999) (Beck 2017 - ch. 243; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 227; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 29; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 131)' absent present;
{425 'Tuberculum tympani (Ladevèze et al. 2020 - ch. 177; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 132)' weakly_developed large;
{426 'Petrosal contribution to lateral wall of the epitympanic recess (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 146; Beck 2017 - ch. 245; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 31)' massive,_large_shelf_of_bone,_sometimes_rounded petrosal_slender_and_triangular petrosal_forming_a_thin_lamina;
{427 'Squamosal contribution to the epytimpanic recess (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 138; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 229; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 129)' squamosal_part_as_large_as_petrosal_one squamosal_part_distinctly_smaller_than_petrosal_one squamosal_part_distinctly_larger_than_petrosal_one;
{428 'Prootic canal presence (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 147-148; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 124; Beck 2017 - ch. 246; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 32-33; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 211-212; Engelman et al 2020 - chs. 118-119)' present absent;
{429 'Prootic canal development (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 147-148; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 124; Beck 2017 - ch. 246; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 32-33; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 211-212; Engelman et al 2020 - chs. 118-119)' large_with_endocranial_opening reduced_with_intramural_opening;
{430 'Imprint of the transverse sinus bifurcation on the petrosal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 149; Beck 2017 - ch. 247; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 34)' absent present;
{431 'Foramina on the sigmoid sinus and/or prootic sinus, apparently connecting both vessels (i.e., sigmoid sinus vein) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 150; Beck, 2017 - ch. 248; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 35)' absent present;
{432 'Posttemporal notch/foramen (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 153; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 38; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 144; Beck, 2017 - ch. 250; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 233; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 137)' present absent;
{433 'Posttemporal sulcus on the squamosal surface of the petrosal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 152; Beck, 2017 - ch. 249; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 37; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 234; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 138)' present absent;
{434 'Foramen ovale composition (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 157; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 111; Beck 2017 - ch. 190; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 39; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 192; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 83)' lamina_obturans_/_other_bones_(=in_petrosal) alisphenoid_/_petrosal_(=between_petrosal_and_alisphenoid) on/just_alisphenoid alisphenoid_/_squamosal;
{435 'Foramen ovale location (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 112; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 84)' on_lateral_wall_of_braincase on_ventral_surface_of_skull;
{436 'Alisphenoid canal (=secondary foramen ovale) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 158; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 107; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 58; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 40; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 193)' absent present;
{437 Secondary_foramen_ovale_completely_enclosed_in_alisphenoid_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._85) absent present;
{438 'Tympanic process of the alisphenoid (=Alisphenoid tympanic wing) presence (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 159; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 121; Beck, 2017 - ch. 181; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 182; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 41; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 69)' absence presence;
{439 'Tympanic process of the alisphenoid (=Alisphenoid tympanic wing) development (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 159; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 121; Beck, 2017 - ch. 181; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 182; Ladevèze and Muizon, 2010 - ch. 41; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 69)' poorly_to_moderately_developed well-developed,_extending_to_or_near_posterior_lacerate_foramen_and_paroccipital_process;
{440 'Hypotympanic sinus presence (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 164; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 140; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 44; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 183; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 70)' absent present;
{441 'Petrosal contribution to hypotympanic sinus (Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 19; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 71)' absent present;
{442 'Squamosal contribution to hypotympanic sinus (Beck 2017 - ch. 254; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 72)' absent present;
{443 'Medial process of squamosal in tympanic cavity (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 141; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 52; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 185; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 73)' absent present;
{444 'Alisphenoid contribution to hypotympanic sinus (=concave process of alisphenoid contributing to antero-dorsal portion of hypotympanic sinus) (Beck 2017 - ch. 255; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 74)' present absent;
{445 'Transpromontorial sulcus (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 146; Beck 2017 - ch. 251; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 45)' present absent;
{446 'Sulcus for stapedial artery (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 147; Beck 2017 - ch 252; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 46)' present absent;
{447 'Squamosal epitympanic sinus (Beck 2017 - ch. 258; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 51; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 189; Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 77; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 75)' absent present;
{448 Jugular_fossa_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._91) absent present;
{449 'Jugular foramen size relative to fenestra cochleae (=size of jugular foramen relative to fenestra vestibuli) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 149; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 53; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch 198; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 90)' sub-equal jugular_foramen_larger;
{450 'Jugular foramen (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 150; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 64; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 54; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 197)' confluent_with_opening_for_inferior_petrosal_sinus separated_from_opening_for_inferior_petrosal_sinus;
{451 'Mastoid-squamosal fusion (=petrosal-squamosal fusion) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 154; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 55; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 111)' absent present;
{452 'Coiling of cochlea (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 129; Beck 2017 - ch. 253; Ladevèze and Muizon 2010 - ch. 56)' less_than_360° 360°_or_greater;
{453 Internal_acoustic_meatus_(IAM)_and_subarcuate_fossa_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._208) subequal_and_separated_by_sharp_wall sub-equal_and_separated_by_a_thick_wall IAM_narrower_than_the_opening_of_the_subarcuate_fossa_and_separated_by_a_thick_wall;
{454 Exit_for_maxillary_nerve_relative_to_alisphenoid_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._110) behind within_or_in_front;
{455 'Squama of squamosal (=Foramina for veinous drainage of the temporal cavity on parietal) (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 106; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 113; Suarez et al 2023 - ch. 136)' absent present;
{456 Position_of_jaw_articulation_relative_to_fenestra_vestibuli_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._114) at_same_level in_front;
{457 'Glenoid fossa shape (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 115; Beck, 2017 - ch. 262; Beck et al 2022 - ch. 63)' 'articular eminence planar (=trough-like; concave), or mandibular fossa absent/indistinct' with_distinct_articular_eminence_and_mandibular_fossa convex;
{458 'Glenoid process of jugal presence (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 116; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 34; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 171)' absent present;
{459 'Glenoid process of jugal articular facet (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 116; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 34; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 171)' with_articular_facet without_facet;
{460 'Glenoid process of alisphenoid (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 108; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 117; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 180; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 66)' absent present;
{461 'Postglenoid process (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 118; Beck, 2017 - ch. 183; Beck et al 2022 - ch. 64)' absent_or_weakly_developed present;
{462 'Width of glenoid cavity (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 173; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 54)' less_than_twice_anteroposterior_length more_than_twice_anteroposterior_length__;
{463 'Width of the postglenoid process (=proportions of postglenoid process) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 176; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 57)' as_wide_as_glenoid_fossa narrower_than_glenoid_fossa;
{464 'Morphology of postglenoid process (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 175; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 56)' wider_than_high_(half_as_tall_as_wide_or_less) wide_and_low height_subequal_to_or_greater_than_width;
{465 'Postglenoid-suprameatal vascular system (=suprameatal foramen) presence (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 119; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 178; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 61)' absent present;
{466 'Postglenoid-suprameatal vascular system (=suprameatal foramen) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 119; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 178; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 61)' below_squamosal_crest_(=below_postzygomatic_crest) above_squamosal_crest_(=at_the_same_level_or_above_postzygomatic_crest);
{467 'Postglenoid foramen presence (Beck 2017 - ch. 186; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 58)' absent present;
{468 'Postglenoid foramen location (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 120; Beck 2017 - ch. 187; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 177; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 59)' medial_to_postglenoid_process_(=even_with_postglenoid_process) behind_(=posterior)_postglenoid_process anterior_to_postglenoid_process_and_frequently;
{469 Position_of_incisura_tympanica_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._188) caudal_or_caudodorsal located_dorsally_or_anterior_crus_and_posterior_crus_unite_dorsally;
{470 Size_of_incisura_tympanica_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._189) narrow_or_absent wide;
{471 Position_of_sulcus_for_anterior_distributary_of_transverse_sinus_relative_to_subarcuate_fossa_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._125) anterolateral posterolateral;
{472 'Stapedial ratio (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 127; Beck, 2017 - ch. 207; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 231; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 128)' rounded,_less_than_1.8 elliptical,_more_than_1.8;
{473 'Crista interfenestralis and caudal tympanic process of the petrosal connected by curved ridge (=fusion of ectotympanic with other bones of the skull) (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 133; Beck, 2017 - ch. 185; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 237)' absent present;
{474 'Paracondylar process of exoccipital presence (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 135; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 219; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 64)' absent present;
{475 'Paracondylar process of exoccipital and post-tympanic process of squamosal relative size (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 135; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 219; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 64)' paracondylar_process_larger both_processes_similar_in_length;
{476 Rear_margin_of_auditory_region_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._136) marked_by_a_steep_wall extended_onto_a_flat_surface;
{477 'Stapedius fossa (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 139; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 94; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 221)' twice_the_size_of_fenestra_vestibuli small_and_shallow;
{478 'Ectotympanic shape (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 142; Beck, 2017 - ch. 182; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 236; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 105)' ring-like_(=ring-shaped) 'transversely expanded (=moderately broadened; expanded)' tubelike;
{479 Ectotympanic_attachment_to_skull_(Engelman_et_al._2020_-_ch._106) ligamentous tight_articulation_with_marked_ridges_and_grooves fused_to_rostral_tympanic_process;
{480 'Foramina for temporal rami presence (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 143; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 167; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 134-135)' presence absence;
{481 'Foramina for temporal rami placement (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 143; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 167; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 134-135)' on_petrosal on_parietal_and/or_squama_of_squamosal;
{482 Foramen_for_ramus_superior_of_stapedial_artery_presence_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._145) present absent;
{483 Foramen_for_ramus_superior_of_stapedial_artery_placement_(Wilson_et_al._2016_-_ch._145) on_petrosal on_petrosal-squamosal_suture;
{484 'Ascending canal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 114; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 152; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 239; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 96)' present absent;
{485 Intramural_transverse_canal_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._194) absent present;
{486 'Interparietal (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 115; Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 59; Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 155; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 164; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 51)' absent present;
{487 'Dorsal margin of foramen magnum (Wilson et al. 2016 - ch. 156; Beck, 2017 - ch. 195; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 67; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 241; Beck and Taglioretti, 2019 - ch. 83)' formed_by_exoccipitals by_exoccipitals_and_supraoccipital;
{488 Shape_of_nasals_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._196) posteriorly_expanded not_posteriorly_expanded;
{489 'Parietal-alisphenoid or squamosal-frontal contact on braincase (Beck, 2017 - ch. 172; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 166; Engeman et al. 2020 - ch. 53)' parietal-alisphenoid squamosal-frontal;
{490 'Width of frontals versus width of parietals (Beck, 2017 - ch. 173; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 3; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 122)' parietal_wider_or_equal_to_frontal parietal_narrower_than_frontal;
{491 'Hypoglossal foramina (Beck, 2017 - ch. 201; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 195; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 88)' two_or_more, one;
{492 'Groove between hypoglossal foramina and foramen for inferior petrosal sinus (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 196; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 89)' shallow_or_absent well-defined_with_prominent_lateral_borders__;
{493 'Cavum supracochleare (Beck, 2017 - ch. 218; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 226)' is_not_roofed_dorsally_by_the_petrosal,_and_a_depression_in_the_anterior_lamina_for_the_geniculate_ganglion_is_visible_in_dorsal_view is_entirely_enclosed_within_the_petrosal is_not_floored_ventrally,_such_that_there_is_no_secondary_facial_foramen;
{494 'Pars mastoidea (=pneumatization of squamosal) (Beck, 2017 - ch. 221; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 190; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 80)' not_extensively_pneumatised_(=absent) extensively_pneumatised_and_composed_of_cancellous_bone_(=present);
{495 Angle_(posterior_angle)_between_maxilla-jugal_suture_and_plane_of_the_tooth_row_in_lateral_view_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._146) more_than_140° between_140_and_95°;
{496 'Width of braincase versus maximum postorbital width (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 4; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 123)' ca._as_wide_at_base_as_long distinctly_wider longer_than_wide_at_base;
{497 'Orbital crest (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 35; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 138)' absent present;
{498 'Distinct preglenoid process of squamosal (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 40; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 174)' absent present;
{499 'External acoustic meatus (=Squamosal at external acoustic meatus) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 238; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 62)' squamosal_not_thickened_at_meatus longer_than_wide wider_than_long__;
{500 'Orientation of the post-tympanic and/or paracondylar processes (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 220; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 65) ' ventrally_projecting anteroventrally_projecting__;
{501 'Concave process of alisphenoid contributing to antero-dorsal portion of hypotympanic sinus (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 53; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 184)' absent present;
{502 'Eustachian foramen (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 215; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 82)' no_impression notch_on_the_alisphenoid foramen_on_petrosal;
{503 'Median keel in basioccipital (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 65; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 199)' absent present;
{504 'Median crest of basisphenoid/presphenoid (sphenoid crest) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 200; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 94)' absent present;
{505 'Connection between condylar articular facets in ventral view (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 69; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 242)' absent present;
{506 'Sagittal crest presence (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 170; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 102) ' present absent;
{507 'Sagittal crest development (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 170; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 102) ' prominently_developed_(extending_to_frontals) weakly_developed_(not_extending_to_frontals);
{508 'Position of nuchal crest (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 73; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 169) ' at_or_posterior_to_the_level_of_the_condyles anterior_to_the_condyles_;
{509 'Position of petrosal (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 201; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 107)  ' at_the_level_of_the_ventral_margin_of_the_braincase dorsal_to_the_ventral_level_of_the_braincase;
{510 'Expanded apex of the rostrum with concave tooth rows and lateral edges of the rostrum between canine and infraorbital foramen (=expanded apex of rostrum) (Muizon et al., 2018 - ch. 121; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 3)' absent present;
{511 'Foramen or groove in lateral edge of postpalatine torus presence (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 155; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 37)' absent presence;
{512 'Foramen or groove in lateral edge of postpalatine torus size (=size of postpalatine torus foramen) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 155; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 37)' small_(less_than_half_the_diameter_of_the_minor_palatine_foramen_or_groove) large_(approximately_half_the_diameter_of_the_minor_palatine_foramen_or_more);
{513 'Morphology of the postpalatine torus foramen (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 156; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 38)' totally_or_almost_totally_enclosed_in_the_palatine_(=closed) wide-open_groove_(=open);
{514 'Palatine enters the posterior opening of the infraorbital canal (maxillary foramen) (=palatine contributes to infraorbital canal) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 157; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 36)' present absent;
{515 'Position of sphenopalatine foramen (=Position of sphenorbital foramen relative to lacrimal) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 158; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 40)' posterior_to_the_level_of_the_posterior_border_of_lacrimal anterior_to_the_level_of_the_posterior_border_of_lacrimal;
{516 'Anteroposterior position of the sphenopalatine foramen relatively to the molars (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 159; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 41)' above_penultimate_or_antepenultimate_molar above_ultimate_molar_or_posterior;
{517 Postorbital_(frontal)_process_of_the_jugal_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._172) absent present;
{518 'Paroccipital process of exoccipital (Ladevèze and Muizon, 2007 - ch. 112; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 179)' low_tubercle_or_absent long_process_with_diameter_at_apex_smaller_than_proximodistal_length_(=tall_paroccipital_process_of_exoccipital);
{519 'Intratympanic sinus in the pars mastoidea (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 187; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 78)' absent present;
{520 'Anterior expansion of the middle ear sinus within the lateral wall of the braincase (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 188; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 79)' absent present;
{521 'Notch or foramen in alisphenoid for greater petrosal nerve (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 191; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 86)' present absent;
{522 'Orientation of the pars cochlearis of the petrosal: plane defined by the apex of the promontorium-fenestra vestibuli-fenestra cochleae (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 202; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 108)' subhorizontal_or_slightly_oblique subvertical;
{523 'Orientation of the major axis of the petrosal (axis subarcuate fossa- internal acoustic meatus) (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 203; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 109)' subhorizontal_to_slightly_oblique oblique_to_subvertical vertical;
{524 'Contribution of squamosal to occiput (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 240; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 97)' absent_or_small large;
{525 'Atlantal foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 1; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 188; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 243)' absent present;
{526 'Atlas transverse foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 2; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 189; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 244)' absent present;
{527 'Atlas, posterior extent of transverse process (Beck, 2017 - ch. 3; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 191; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 246)' anterior_or_just_reach_caudal_facets_for_axis_(=absent) extend_caudally_slightly_beyond_level_of_caudal_facet_for_axis extend_caudally_far_beyond_level_of_caudal_facet_for_axis;
{528 'Atlas, shape of the transverse processes (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 247; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 284)' roughly_straight distinctly_concave_because_of_the_development_of_a_prominent_ventral_process_posteriorly_(proximodistal_length_longer_than_transverse_width);
{529 'Atlas, cranial facets shape (Beck, 2017 - ch. 4; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 193; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 248)' only_concave dorsal_edge_curved dorsal_edge_envelops_the_occipital_condyle_medially;
{530 'Atlas, transverse process (Beck, 2017 - ch. 5; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 192)' ventral_to_atlantal_foramen_groove_absent_(=does_not_reach_level_of_atlantal_foramen_or_groove) extends_anterior_beyond_atlantal_foramen_or_groove__(=present);
{531 Atlas_ventral_arches_(Beck_2017_-_ch._6) open complete;
{532 'Atlas intercentrum presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 7; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 194; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 249)' absent present;
{533 'Atlas intercentrum fusion (Beck, 2017 - ch. 7; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 194; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 249)' with_no_fusion fused;
{534 'Axis ventral foramen on transverse process (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 190; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 245)' absent present;
{535 'Axis transverse foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 8; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 250)' absent,_represented_by_a_notch present,_enclosed;
{536 'Axis posterior spinous process extension presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 9; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 196; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 251): (0) absent, (1) present, extends beyond the level of the postzygapophyses (=distinctly longer than anterior extension), (2) extends to the level of the postzygapophyses (=shorter or subequal to anterior extension)' absent present;
{537 'Axis posterior spinous process extension (Beck, 2017 - ch. 9; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 196; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 251)' extends_beyond_the_level_of_the_postzygapophyses_(=distinctly_longer_than_anterior_extension) extends_to_the_level_of_the_postzygapophyses_(=shorter_or_subequal_to_anterior_extension);
{538 Axis,_ventral_sagittal_crest_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._252) roughly_straight distinctly_concave_because_of_the_development_of_a_robust_ventral_process_posteriorly;
{539 Axis_extra_pair_of_transverse_processes_on_the_ventral_surface_of_the_body_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._10) absent present;
{540 Axis_anterior_facets_(prezygapophyses)_and_dens_connection_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._11) not_linked linked facets_extend_ventral_to_the_dens;
{541 Axis-C3-C4_fusion_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._13) no_fusion axis_and_C3_fused axis-C3-C4_fused;
{542 'C3-C4 ventral sagittal process (Beck, 2017 - ch. 14; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 197; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 253)' absent present;
{543 'C5 transverse process displays two heads (Beck, 2017 - ch. 15; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 198)' absent present;
{544 'C5 and T1 body length (Beck, 2017 - ch. 17; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 199; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 255)' subequal_or_C5_longer_than_T1 C5_shorter_than_T1;
{545 C6_transverse_process_posterior_extension_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._18) absent present;
{546 'C7 transverse foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 20; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 201; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 257)' absent incipient_or_represented_by_a_notch complete_foramen_(=enclosed_foramen);
{547 Articulation_among_cervical_vertebrae_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._21) only_bodies_articulate prezygapophyses_and_postzygapophyses_in_addition_to_body_articulate;
{548 C4-C5,_articulation_between_bodies_type_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._22) flat saddle;
{549 T1_transverse_process_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._23) absent present;
{550 'First thoracic vertebrae with a tall spinous process (relative to other vertebrae) (Beck, 2017 - ch. 25; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 203; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 258)' T1 T2 T3;
{551 First_thoracic_vertebrae_with_prezygapophysis_facing_laterally_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._26) T1 T2 T3;
{552 Thoracic_vertebrae,_intervertebral_foramen_enclosed_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._27) absent present;
{553 'Anticlinal vertebra (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 204; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 259)' on_lumbar on_thoracic no_anticlinal_vertebra__;
{554 'Last lumbar vertebra, foramen on dorsal arch (Beck, 2017 - ch. 28; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 205; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 260)' absent present;
{555 Lumbar_vertebrae,_mammillary_processes_(metapophyses)_in_third_lumbar_vertebra_anterior_to_the_last_lumbar_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._261) absent_or_weak present;
{556 'Ventral median keel on lumbar vertebra (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 207; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 262)' absent present;
{557 'Auricular process of sacrum (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 208; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 263)  ' developed_on_two_sacral_vertebrae developed_on_one_sacral_vertebra;
{558 'Size of sacral spinous process (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 209; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 264)  ' shorter_(=lower)_than_last_lumbar subequal_to_taller_than_last_lumbar;
{559 'Length of the tail (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 210; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 265)' shorter_than_twice_the_length_of_the_precaudal_vertebral_column greater_than_twice_the_length_of_the_precaudal_vertebral_column__;
{560 'Metapophyses in third lumbar vertebra anterior to last presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 29; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 206)' absent present;
{561 'Metapophyses in third lumbar vertebra anterior to last (Beck, 2017 - ch. 29; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 206)' anterior dorsal;
{562 Caudal_vertebrae,_count_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._30) 9_or_fewer 11_or_more;
{563 Caudal_vertebrae,_hyperexpanded_chevrons_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._31) absent present;
{564 Sternal_cartilages,_ossification_(=_sternal_ribs)_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._33) absent present;
{565 Ribs,_articulation_with_sternum_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._34) with_single_sternebra with_two_sternebrae;
{566 'Scapula angle between scapular spine and dorsal border (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 211; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 266)' acute_or_almost_straight_(between_80_and_95_degrees) obtuse_(between_100_and_110_degrees)_;
{567 'Scapula, coracoid process (Beck, 2017 - ch. 35; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 212; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 267)' separate_and_large_(=extends_beyond_medial_border_of_glenoid_cavity) hook-like_process small_process_(=just_reaches_medial_border_of_glenoid_cavity) small_protuberance_or_absent;
{568 'Scapula, ventral extension of acromion (Beck, 2017 - ch. 36; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 213; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 268)' ventral_(=below)_beyond_glenoid_cavity does_not_extend_beyond_below_level_of_glenoid_cavity;
{569 Scapula,_crest_on_medial_aspect,_near_the_caudal_border_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._37) absent present;
{570 Separate_large_interclavicle_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._38) absent present;
{571 Scapula,_anterior_extension_of_the_acromion_process_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._269) posterior_to_anterior_edge_of_glenoid_fossa anterior_or_just_lateral_to_anterior_edge_of_glenoid_fossa_(1);
{572 'Scapula, Infraspinous fossa width (Beck, 2017 - ch. 39; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 214; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 270)' less_than_1/4_its_length between_1/2_and_1/4_its_length more_than_1/2_its_length;
{573 'Scapular spine (=acromion) width at neck level (Beck, 2017 - ch. 40; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 215; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 271)' narrower_than_infraspinous_fossa sub-equal wider_than_infraspinous_fossa;
{574 'Scapula, Infraspinous/supraspinous fossa width at neck level (Beck, 2017 - ch. 41; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 216; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 272)' infraspinous_fossa_narrower_(=supraspinous_fossa_wider) sub-equal supraspinous_fossa_narrower_(=infraspinous_wider);
{575 'Scapular notch (Forsiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 217; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 273)' more_than_130_degrees between_90_and_130_degrees;
{576 'Clavicle (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 218; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 274)' present absent;
{577 'Humerus, medial relief for teres major m. (=Medial process or rugosity for the teres major on humeral diaphysis) (Beck, 2017 - ch. 42; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 219; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 275)' absent present;
{578 'Humerus, lateral ridge (=Tricipital line of humerus) presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 43; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 220; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 276)' absent present;
{579 'Humerus, lateral ridge (=Tricipital line of humerus) development (Beck, 2017 - ch. 43; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 220; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 276)' ridge_or_small_crest massive_crest_continuous_with_deltopectoral_crest;
{580 'Humerus, capitulum for radius (Beck, 2017 - ch. 44; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 277)' spherical cylindrical;
{581 'Humerus, entepicondylar foramen (Beck, 2017 - ch. 45; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 222; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 278)' absent present;
{582 'Humerus, olecranon fossa or foramen presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 46; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 223)' absent present;
{583 'Humerus, olecranon fossa or foramen devlopment (Beck, 2017 - ch. 46; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 223)' small_fossa large_fossa foramen_;
{584 'Humerus, laminar supinator crest (=ectepicondylar crest) (Beck, 2017 - ch. 47; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 224; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 279)' present absent;
{585 'Humerus, greater tuberosity height relative to humeral head height (Beck, 2017 - ch. 48; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 225; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 280)' equal_or_greater_tuberosity_is_lower greater_tuberosity_is_higher;
{586 'Humerus, development of greater tuberosity in proximal view (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 281; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 315) ' small_(less_than_half_the_anteroposterior_length_of_head) large_(greater_than_or_equal_to_half_the_anteroposterior_length_of_head)__;
{587 'Humerus, extension of the deltoid crest (Beck, 2017 - ch. 49; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 227; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 282)' restricted_to_proximal_half_of_humerus reaches_distal_half;
{588 'Humerus, distal end of deltoid crest (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 228; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 283)  ' merging_with_diaphysis forming_a_distinct_angle_or_process__;
{589 Humerus_trochlea_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._50) absent present;
{590 'Humerus, proximal extension of capitulum and trochlea (Beck, 2017- ch. 51; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 284; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 318)' longer_proximal_extension_of_capitulum sub-equal long_proximal_extension_of_trochlea;
{591 'Humerus, medial epicondyle size (Beck, 2017 - ch. 52; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 230; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 285)' large_(30%_width_of_distal_epiphysis_or_more) small_(less_than_30%_width_of_distal_epiphysis);
{592 'Humerus distal end size (Beck, 2017 - ch. 53; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 231; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 286)' large small;
{593 Humerus,_head_shape_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._54) symmetrical/ovoid mediolaterally_compressed;
{594 'Humerus, capitulum lateral extension (Beck, 2017 - ch. 55; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 232; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 287)' absent,_capitulum_rounded_and_regularly_sloping_laterally present,_straight_with_a_flat_shelf_and/or_a_salient_crest;
{595 'Humerus, depth of intercondylar notch (=humeral trochlea) in posterior view (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 288; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 322)  ' wide_and_relatively_shallow_concave narrower_and_concave_posteriorly__;
{596 'Humerus, shaft curvature (Beck, 2017 - ch 56; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 234; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 289)' curved straight;
{597 'Ulna medial development of the coronoid process (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 235; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 290)' does_not_protrude_beyond_medial_border_of_olecranon_process_ medially_protruding_;
{598 'Ulna medial curvature (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 236; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 291)' present absent;
{599 Ulna,_proximal_epiphysis,_distal_most_portion_of_articular_surface_for_humerus_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._57) ulnar_area_is_less_than_1/2_of_radial_one more_than_1/2;
{600 Ulna,_coronoid_process_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._58) absent present;
{601 'Ulna, distal process (Beck, 2017 - ch. 59; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 292; Engelman et al 2020 - ch. 326)' spherical,_contributing_to_a_ball_and_socket_articulation_(=Convex_posteriorly) nonspherical_(=straight_or_concave_posteriorly);
{602 'Radius, articular facet for humerus (Beck, 2017 - ch. 60; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 238; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 293)' anteroposteriorly_compressed circular_or_almost_circular;
{603 'Radius, Distal shaft (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 239; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 294)' oval_(wider_than_long) rounded_(almost_as_wide_as_long)_;
{604 Lunate_presence_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._61) absent_or_fused_to_other_elements present;
{605 Lunate_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._61) very_small relatively_large,_with_contacts_ith_other_carpals;
{606 'Prepollex (Beck, 2017 - ch. 62; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 240; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 295)' absent present;
{607 'Distolateral process of scaphoid presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 63; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 241; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 296)' absent present;
{608 'Distolateral process of scaphoid relation with magnus (Beck, 2017 - ch. 63; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 241; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 296)' does_not_separate_lunate_from_magnum separates_dorsally_lunate_from_magnum;
{609 Proximal_aspect_of_magnum_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._64) single_head saddle-shape_articulation_with_lunate;
{610 Magnum,_facet_with_MC_III_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._65) flat,_convex_or_keeled fully_concave;
{611 'Trapezium, number of distal heads (= plantar tubercules) (Beck, 2017 - ch. 66; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 242; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 297)' two_heads one_head;
{612 Both_MC_I_and_MC_V_are_hyper-reduced_in_relation_to_other_metacarpals_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._68) hyperreduction no_hyperreduction;
{613 Magnum_and_unciform_proximal_extension_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._69) similarly_proximal unciform_more_proximal;
{614 'Tuberosity for rectus femoris major presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 70; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 245; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 300)' no_relief_(=absent) present;
{615 'Tuberosity for rectus femoris major shape (Beck, 2017 - ch. 70; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 245; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 300) ' protuberance depression;
{616 Relative_size_of_obturator_foramen_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._71) smaller_or_equal_to_acetabulum larger_than_acetabulum;
{617 Hyperdevelopment_of_iliopubic_process_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._72) absent present;
{618 'Angle between transverse axis of proximal and distal epiphyses of metacarpal I (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 243; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 298) ' absent present;
{619 'Orientation of ilium relative to ischium (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 244; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 299)' prominent_(=deflected)_dorsally aligned_with_ischium__;
{620 'Length of iliac neck (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 246; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 301)' longer_than_20%_total_pelvis_length short,_less_than_20%_the_total_pelvis_length less_than_6%_total_pelvis_length;
{621 'Greater sciatic notch (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 247; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 302) ' greater_than_120_degrees_(=obtuse_angle) between_90_and_115_degrees_(=right_or_acute_angle);
{622 'Iliac and gluteous fossa presence (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 248; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 303)' no_fossa_(=absent) with_fossa_(=present);
{623 'Iliac and gluteous fossa size relation (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 248; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 303)' two_fossa_subequal_in_size gluteous_fossa_larger__;
{624 Pelvis,_acetabular_notch_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._73) absent present;
{625 'Epipubic bones (Beck, 2017 - ch. 74; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 249; Muizon et al., 2015 - ch. 389; Bi et al., 2018 - ch. 367; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 304)' present absent;
{626 'Epipubic bones proximal size (Beck, 2017 - ch. 75; Muizon et al. 2015 - ch. 305)' short long;
{627 Femur,_mediolateral_constriction_in_greater_trochanter_of_femur_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._76) absent present;
{628 'Femur, torsion between proximal and distal epiphyses (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 251; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 306)' absent present;
{629 'Femur, relative height of greater trochanter / femoral head (Beck, 2017 - ch. 77; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 252; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 307)' greater_trochanter_is_lower_or_equal great_trochanter_is_higher;
{630 'Femur, lesser trochanter (Beck, 2017 - ch. 78; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 253; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 308)' absent_(=knob-like_or_absent) present_(=large_and_blade-like);
{631 'Femoral condyles (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 254; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 309)' lateral_condyle_wider_than_medial_condyle sub-equal medial_condyle_wider_than_lateral_condyle__;
{632 Third_trochanter_presence_(Muizon_et_al.,_2015_-_ch._394) absent present;
{633 Third_trochanter_position_relative_to_the_lesser_trochanter_(Muizon_et_al.,_2015_-_ch._394) slightly_distal_to_the_lesser_trochanter_in_position well_distally_shifted_than_third_trochanter;
{634 Fibula_proximal_medial_accessory_shelf_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._79) absent present;
{635 Fibula_proximal_posterior_extension_beyond_the_area_of_contact_with_the_tibia_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._80) does_not_extend_posteriorly_(=absent) extends_(=present);
{636 Fibula_lateral_distal_process_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._81) absent present;
{637 'Ossified patella (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 255; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 310)' absent present;
{638 'Parafibula (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 256; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 311)' present absent;
{639 'Articulation between femur and fibula (Beck, 2017 - ch. 82; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 257; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 312)' present absent;
{640 Process_on_fibula_proximal_end_extends_proximally_beyond_knee_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._83) absent present;
{641 Sesamoids_in_articular_area_between_tibia,_fibula,_and_astragalus_(or_UAJ,_upper_ankle_joint)_presence_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._84) absent present;
{642 Sesamoids_in_articular_area_between_tibia,_fibula,_and_astragalus_(or_UAJ,_upper_ankle_joint)_number_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._84) one_sesamoid_present two_sesamoids_presents;
{643 Tibia,_medial_malleolus_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._85) absent present;
{644 'Tibia length relative to femur length (Beck, 2017 - ch. 86; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 258; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 313)' tibia_longer_or_equal_to_femur tibia_shorter_than_femur;
{645 'Tibia proximal dimensions (Beck, 2017 - ch. 87; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 259; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 314)' larger_mediolaterally_than_anteroposteriorly sub-equal smaller_mediolaterally_than_anteroposteriorly;
{646 'Tibia shape (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 260; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 315)' sigmoid straight;
{647 'Tibia, torsion between proximal and distal epiphyses (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 261; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 316)  ' present absent;
{648 'Tibia, distal articulation type (Beck, 2017 - ch. 89; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 262; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 317)' spiral sagittal;
{649 'Tibia, posterior shelf presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 88; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 263; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 318)' absetn present;
{650 'Tibia, posterior shelf (Beck, 2017 - ch. 88; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 263; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 318)' does_not_extend_posteriorly_beyond_the_medial_astragalotibial_facet extends_posteriorly_beyond_the_medial_astragalotibial_facet;
{651 Tibia,_posterior_shelf_articulation_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._90) no_articular_(=absent) articular_(=present);
{652 Orientation_of_the_lateral_edge_of_the_lateral_astragalotibial_(astragalus-tibia)_articular_facet_(in_lateral_view)_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._319) parallel_to_epiphyseal_suture_of_the_tibia oblique_to_epiphyseal_suture_of_the_tibia;
{653 Tibia,_anteroposterior_length_of_the_of_the_medial_malleolus_at_base_relative_to_the_greatest_anteroposterior_length_of_the_distal_epiphysis_(as_seen_in_distal_view)_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._320) sub-equal medial_malleolus_much_shorter;
{654 'Tibia, distal malleolus (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 264; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 321)' indistinct_or_absent distinct__;
{655 'Astragalus, angle between medial and lateral astragalotibial facets (=angle between medial and lateral facets for tibia) (Bec 2017 - ch. 91; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 322)' 90° intermediate 180°;
{656 Astragalonavicular_facet_extends_on_medial_side_of_head_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._92) absent medial_or_present;
{657 'Astragalonavicular facet extends on ventromedial area of head (Beck, 2017 - ch. 93; Forasiepi et al. 2015 - ch. 266; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 323)' absent present;
{658 'Astragalus, dimensions of facet for navicular in distal view (Beck, 2017 - ch. 94; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 267; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 324)' transversely_wider dorsoventrally_wider;
{659 'Astragalar medial plantar tuberosity (ampt) visibility in dorsal view (Beck, 2017 - ch. 95; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 359; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 325)' not_visible visible;
{660 'Astragalus, angle between facet for fibula and lateral facet for tibia (Beck, 2017 - ch. 96; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 269; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 326)' 180_or_more_degrees_(=no_angle) intermediate_(90-180_degrees) 90_degrees;
{661 Astragalar_neck_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._97) absent present;
{662 'Astragalus, relative width of head and neck (Beck, 2017 - ch. 98; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 272; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 329)' neck_narrower_or_as_wide_as_head neck_wider_than_head;
{663 'Astragalar sustentacular facet medial extent (Beck, 2017 - ch. 99; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 270; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 327)' does_not_reach_medial_edge_of_neck reaches_medial_edge_of_neck;
{664 Astragalonavicular_facet_position_relative_to_facets_for_tibia_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._100) anterior_to_facets_for_tibia medial_relative_to_facets_for_tibia;
{665 'Astragalar canal (Beck, 2017 - ch. 101; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 322; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 328)' present absent;
{666 'Ectal facet major dimension orientation (Beck, 2017 - ch. 102; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 273)' straight_or_anteromedial_to_posteromedial posteromedial_to_anterolateral;
{667 Ectal_facet_position_in_ventral_view_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._103) extending_up_to_posterior_edge_of_astragalus subterminal;
{668 Astragalus,_ridge_between_medial_and_lateral_astragalotibial_facets_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._104) absent present;
{669 Astragalus,_ridge_between_lateral_astragalotibial_and_astragalofibular_facets_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._105) absent present;
{670 Medial_astragalotibial_facet,_posterior_extent_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._106) does_not_reach_posterior_edge_of_lateral_astragalotibial_facet equal_in_anteroposterior_length_as_lateral_astragalotibial_facet;
{671 'Malleolar shelf of astragalus (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 274; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 330)' absent present;
{672 'Astragalo-distal tuber (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 275; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 331)' absent present;
{673 'Astragalonavicular facet connection with sustentacular facet (Beck, 2017 - ch. 107; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 276; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 332)' present absent;
{674 Astragalo-cuboid_facet_on_astragalar_head_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._333) present absent;
{675 'Calcaneus, orientation of the calcaneoastragalar (ectal) facet (Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 335; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 370)' mostly_medial intermediate mostly_dorsal;
{676 'Calcaneal peroneal groove for the peroneous longus (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 281; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 338) ' indistinct_or_weakly_developed distinct,_deep_separation;
{677 'Outline of sustentacular process (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 283; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 340) ' triangular_or_rounded rectangular_and_elongated__;
{678 'Length of the tuber calci (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 291; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 348)' longer_than_the_body as_long_as_the_body_or_shorter_;
{679 'Medial curvature of the tuber calci (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 292; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 349)  ' present absent;
{680 'Ventral curvature of the tuber calci (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 293; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 350)' present absent;
{681 Calcaneus,_notch_for_cuboid_pivot_on_calcaneocuboid_facet_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._351) absent present;
{682 Calcaneal_sustentacular_facet_on_sustentaculum_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._108) no_sustentaculum_(facet_is_located_in_calcaneal_body) on_sustentaculum facet_is_located_above_level_of_sustentaculum,_which_becames_the_medial_process;
{683 'Ectal facet longest dimension (Beck, 2017 - ch. 109-110; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 277; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 334)' anteromedial_to_posterolateral straight_sagittally_longer_(=anteroposterior) straight_transversely_longer_(=transverse) posteromedial_to_anterolateral__;
{684 Calcaneal_anterior_peroneal_tubercle_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._111) absent present;
{685 'Calcaneal peroneal tubercle (Beck, 2017 - ch. 112; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 279; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 336)' protuberance crest-like_or_laminar process_;
{686 'Calcaneal anterior peroneal tubercle position (Beck, 2017 - ch. 113; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 337)' protuding_anteriorly_beyond_calcaneocuboid_facet anterior,_non-protuding at_a_distance_from_anterior_end_of_calcaneus;
{687 'Calcaneal sustentacular facet (anterior part) mesiolateral orientation (Beck, 2017 - ch. 114; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 341; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 376)' medial mediodorsal_or_dorsal anterodorsal;
{688 'Anteroposterior orientation of sustentacular facet (Beck, 2017 - ch. 115; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 342; Engelman et al. 2020 - ch. 377) ' dorsal 45_degrees_dorsoanteriorly;
{689 'Sustentacular facet morphology (Beck, 2017 - ch. 116; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 286; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 343)' slightly_concave_or_flat posteriorly_convex_or_convex;
{690 Calcaneal_sustentacular_facet_posteriorly_convex_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._117) absent present;
{691 Calcaneal_plantar_tubercle_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._118) absent present;
{692 'Calcaneal sustentacular facet and ectal facet merging (Beck, 2017 - ch. 119; Szalay, 1994; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 288; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 345)' separate with_narrow_connection merged;
{693 Calcaneal_sustentacular_facet_anterior_edge_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._120) anterior_to_posterior_facet equal_to_posterior_to_posterior_facet;
{694 'Calcaneal facet for fibula presence (Beck, 2017 - ch. 121; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 289; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 346)' absent present;
{695 'Calcaneal facet for fibula (Beck, 2017 - ch. 121; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 289; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 346)' smaller_than_ectal_facet larger_than_ectal_facet;
{696 'Calcaneal facet for fibula orientation (Beck, 2017 - ch. 122; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 290; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 347)' dorsal lateral dorsal_only_posteriorly;
{697 'Calcaneocuboid facet of the calcaneum (Beck, 2017 - ch. 123; Szalay 1994)' not_subdivided_into_separate_facets_(=planar_or_concave) subdivided_into_distal_(CaCud)_and_proximal_(CaCup)_facets subdivided_into_auxiliary_(CaCua),_lateral_(CaCul)_and_medial_facets_(CaCum);
{698 'Calcaneus, position of the sustentaculum (Beck, 2017 - ch. 124; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 282; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 339)' reaches_anterior_end_of_calcaneus subterminal;
{699 'Calcaneus, secondary distal calcaneoastragalar facet (Beck, 2017 - ch. 125; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 287; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 344)' absent present;
{700 Cuboid_medial_plantar_process_forms_groove_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._126) absent present;
{701 Cuboidcalcaneal_facet_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._127) mostly_convex_or_flat concave_anteroposteriorly two_shelves,_medial_more_proximal two_concavities;
{702 'Cuboidcalcaneal facet angle between proximal and distal facet areas (Beck, 2017 - ch. 128; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 295; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 352)' no_angle angle_present_and_small,_dorsal_area_narrower_than_proximal_area angle_present_and_almost_straight,_dorsal_area_wider_than_width_of_proximal_area;
{703 Cuboidcalcaneal_facet_outer_shelf_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._129) absent present;
{704 Cuboidcalcaneal_ventral_facet_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._130) absent present;
{705 Spatial_relationship_between_navicular_and_entocuneiform_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._131) entocuneiform_anterior_to_navicular entocuneiform_extends_proximally_medial_to_the_distal_area_of_the_navicular;
{706 Navicular_shelf_between_cuboid_and_astragalus_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._132) absent present;
{707 Navicular_size_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._133) navicular_half_to_one_third_the_size_of_the_cuboid navicular_more_than_half_the_size_of_the_cuboid_to_equal_to_it navicular_larger_than_cuboid;
{708 Mesocuneiform_contact_with_navicular_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._134) absent present;
{709 Falcula_on_hallux_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._135) absent present;
{710 Angle_between_navicular_and_distal_metatarsal_facets_of_ectocuneiform_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._354) oblique parallel_to_the_distal_facet;
{711 'Prehallux (Beck, 2017 - ch. 136; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 298; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 355)' absent present;
{712 Mt_IV_proximal_contact_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._137) entocuneiform_and_cuboid cuboid;
{713 'Mt V proximal process extends ventral to cuboid (Beck, 2017 - ch. 138; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 299; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 356)' absent_or_does_not_extend_ventral_to_cuboid present_or_extends_ventral_to_cuboid;
{714 'Mt II and Mt III proximal ends (Beck, 2017 - ch. 139; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 300; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 357)' Mt_II_extends_more_proximally_than_Mt_III equal Mt_III_more_proximal;
{715 Hallux_opposability_(articulation_Mt_I_with_entocuneiform)_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._140) not_opposable opposable;
{716 Spatial_relationship_between_navicular_and_entocuneiform_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._353) entocuneiform_distal_to_navicular entocuneiform_extends_proximally_and_medial_to_the_distal_area_of_the_navicular;
{717 Ridge_on_proximal_articular_facet_of_Mt_I_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._141) absent present;
{718 Syndactyly_or_external_fusion_of_digits_II_and_III_in_the_foot_(Beck,_2017_-_ch._142) absent present;
{719 Mt_I,_ridge_on_proximal_articular_facet_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._358) absent present;
{720 'Mt III thickness relative to that of Mt IV (Beck, 2017 - ch. 143; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 359)' Mt_III_thinner Mt_III_and_IV_equal_thickness_or_Mt_IV_thicker;
{721 MtI_presence present absent;
{722 'Mt III thickness relative to that of MtI (Beck, 2017 - ch. 144; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 303; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 360)' Mt_III_thinner Mt_III_and_I_equal Mt_III_thicker_than_Mt_I;
{723 Median_keel_on_palmar/plantar_surface_of_metapodials_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._361) sharp blunt;
{724 'Foot ungual phalanx of digit IV, proximal view (Beck, 2017 - ch. 145; Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 305; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 362)' larger_dorsoventrally_than_mediolaterally equal_dimensions larger_mediolaterally_than_dorsoventrally;
{725 Ungual_phalange_(Muizon_et_al._2018_-_ch._363) uncleft cleft;
{726 'Ungual phalanges, dorsal border (Forasiepi et al. 2014 - ch. 307; Muizon et al. 2018 - ch. 364)' forming_a_crest-like_border rounded;
;


proc /;
comments 5
{24 322 0&1;
{25 187 --;
{48 158 0;
{96 236 -;
{101 198 1	;
;